Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 26;19(21):13896. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192113896.
As a major agricultural country, the comprehensive accounting of the dynamics and composition of the carbon footprint of major crops in China will provide a decision-making basis for environmental management and agricultural green development in the whole process of the major crop production system in China. To investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of the carbon footprint for major crops in China, a life cycle-based carbon footprint approach was used to evaluate the carbon footprint per unit area () and per unit yield () of eight crops for the period of 1990 to 2019. Our results showed that the for all major crops showed an increasing trend with time before 2016 but slowly decreased afterward, while the decreased by 16-43% over the past 30 years due to the increase in crop yield. The three main grain crops, rice (4871 ± 418 kg CO-eq · ha), wheat (2766 ± 552 kg CO-eq · ha), and maize (2439 ± 530 kg CO-eq · ha), showed the highest carbon footprint and contribution to the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mainly due to their larger cultivated areas and higher fertilizer application rates. CH emission was the major component of the carbon footprint for rice production, accounting for 66% and 48% of the and , respectively, while fertilizer production and usage were the largest components of carbon footprint for dryland crops, making up to 26-49% of the and 26-50% of the for different crops. The present study also highlighted the spatial and temporal patterns of the carbon footprint for major crops in China, which could serve as references for the development of best management practices for different crop production in China, to mitigate agricultural GHG emission and to pursue low-carbon agriculture.
作为一个农业大国，全面核算中国主要农作物碳足迹的动态变化及其组成，将为中国主要农作物生产系统全过程的环境管理和农业绿色发展提供决策依据。为了研究中国主要农作物碳足迹的时空动态变化，本研究采用基于生命周期的碳足迹方法，评估了 1990 年至 2019 年期间八种作物的单位面积（）和单位产量（）碳足迹。结果表明，所有主要农作物的在 2016 年前随时间呈增加趋势，但此后缓慢下降，而由于作物产量的增加，过去 30 年来的减少了 16-43%。三大粮食作物，水稻（4871±418 kg CO-eq·ha）、小麦（2766±552 kg CO-eq·ha）和玉米（2439±530 kg CO-eq·ha）的碳足迹和对温室气体（GHG）排放的贡献最大，主要是由于其种植面积较大，化肥施用量较高。CH4排放是水稻生产碳足迹的主要组成部分，分别占和的 66%和 48%，而旱地作物的碳足迹最大组成部分是化肥的生产和使用，占和的 26-49%和不同作物的 26-50%。本研究还突出了中国主要农作物碳足迹的时空格局，可为中国不同作物生产制定最佳管理实践提供参考，以减少农业 GHG 排放，追求低碳农业。
