Jahangiri Leila, Ishola Tala
Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Site, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
Life (Basel). 2022 Oct 27;12(11):1714. doi: 10.3390/life12111714.
Neuroblastoma is an extracranial solid tumour of the developing sympathetic nervous system accounting for circa 15% of deaths due to cancer in paediatric patients. The clinical course of this cancer may be variable, ranging from aggressive progression to regression, while the amplification of MYCN in this cancer is linked to poor patient prognosis. Extracellular vesicles are a double membrane encapsulating various cellular components including proteins and nucleic acids and comprise exosomes, apoptotic bodies, and microvesicles. The former can act as mediators between cancer, stromal and immune cells and thereby influence the tumour microenvironment by the delivery of their molecular cargo. In this study, the contribution of extracellular vesicles including exosomes to the biology, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of neuroblastoma was catalogued, summarised and discussed. The understanding of these processes may facilitate the in-depth dissection of the complexity of neuroblastoma biology, mechanisms of regression or progression, and potential diagnostic and treatment options for this paediatric cancer which will ultimately improve the quality of life of neuroblastoma patients.
神经母细胞瘤是一种发生于发育中的交感神经系统的颅外实体瘤，约占儿科患者癌症死亡人数的15%。这种癌症的临床病程可能各不相同，从侵袭性进展到消退，而该癌症中MYCN的扩增与患者预后不良有关。细胞外囊泡是一种包裹各种细胞成分（包括蛋白质和核酸）的双膜结构，包括外泌体、凋亡小体和微囊泡。前者可作为癌症、基质细胞和免疫细胞之间的介质，从而通过传递其分子货物来影响肿瘤微环境。在本研究中，对包括外泌体在内的细胞外囊泡在神经母细胞瘤生物学、预后、诊断和治疗方面的作用进行了梳理、总结和讨论。对这些过程的理解可能有助于深入剖析神经母细胞瘤生物学的复杂性、消退或进展机制，以及这种儿科癌症的潜在诊断和治疗选择，最终改善神经母细胞瘤患者的生活质量。
