Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushait 62529, Saudi Arabia.
Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Home Economics, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
Nutrients. 2022 Oct 23;14(21):4460. doi: 10.3390/nu14214460.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of death worldwide. Dyslipidemia is a cardiometabolic risk factor of CVD, yet it can be modifiable. Walnuts have been suggested as a dietary intervention to improve the lipid profile. Therefore, we reviewed the literature to assess the evidence linking walnut intake to the improvement of blood lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG). PubMed and Embase databases were searched from 2010 up to March 2022. We limited our search to randomized controlled trials conducted on humans and published in English during the specified period. Cochrane's risk of bias tool for interventional studies was used. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis, and weighted mean differences were obtained (WMD) Thirteen trials from the U.S., Europe, and Asia were included. Walnut intake was associated with significant reductions in TC (WMD: -8.58 mg/dL), LDL-C (WMD: -5.68 mg/dL), and TG (WMD: -10.94 mg/dL). Walnut consumption was not associated with HDL-C. Subgroup analysis showed that overweight/obese and those with comorbidities had more lipid improvement. A longer trial duration did result in further improvements. However, our results may be prone to bias due to extraneous confounding factors. Additionally, levels of heterogeneity were considerable for some outcomes of interest. Results from this meta-analysis provide evidence for the health benefits of walnuts on blood lipids. Walnuts possibly reduce the risk of CVD; thus, they can be successfully added to a dietary pattern to enhance health benefits.
心血管疾病 (CVD) 是全球范围内的主要死亡原因。血脂异常是 CVD 的一种心脏代谢危险因素，但它是可以改变的。核桃已被建议作为一种饮食干预措施，以改善血脂谱。因此，我们综述了文献，以评估核桃摄入与改善血脂（包括总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-C) 胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL-C) 胆固醇和甘油三酯 (TG)）之间的关联证据。我们在 2010 年至 2022 年 3 月期间，在 PubMed 和 Embase 数据库中进行了搜索。我们的搜索仅限于在指定时间段内以人类为对象并以英文发表的随机对照试验。我们使用了 Cochrane 干预研究偏倚风险工具。我们使用了随机效应模型进行荟萃分析，并获得了加权均数差值 (WMD)。纳入了来自美国、欧洲和亚洲的 13 项试验。核桃摄入与 TC（WMD：-8.58mg/dL）、LDL-C（WMD：-5.68mg/dL）和 TG（WMD：-10.94mg/dL）的显著降低相关。核桃消费与 HDL-C 无关。亚组分析表明，超重/肥胖和患有合并症的人血脂改善更多。试验持续时间较长确实会进一步改善。然而，由于存在外部混杂因素，我们的结果可能容易出现偏倚。此外，对于一些感兴趣的结果，异质性水平相当大。这项荟萃分析的结果为核桃对血脂的健康益处提供了证据。核桃可能降低 CVD 的风险；因此，它们可以成功添加到饮食模式中，以增强健康益处。
