Gonçalves Juliano L, de Campos Juliana L, Steinberger Andrew J, Safdar Nasia, Kates Ashley, Sethi Ajay, Shutske John, Suen Garret, Goldberg Tony, Cue Roger I, Ruegg Pamela L
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48864, USA.
Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Pathogens. 2022 Nov 1;11(11):1282. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11111282.
The aim of this research was to describe the incidence and treatments of mastitis and other common bovine diseases using one year of retrospective observational data (n = 50,329 cow-lactations) obtained from herd management software of 37 large dairy farms in Wisconsin. Incidence rate (IR) was defined as the number of first cases of each disease divided by the number of lactations per farm. Clinical mastitis (CM) remains the most diagnosed disease of dairy cows. Across all herds, the mean IR (cases per 100 cow-lactations) was 24.4 for clinical mastitis, 14.5 for foot disorders (FD), 11.2 for metritis (ME), 8.6 for ketosis (KE), 7.4 for retained fetal membranes (RFM), 4.5 for diarrhea (DI), 3.1 for displaced abomasum (DA), 2.9 for pneumonia (PN) and 1.9 for milk fever (MF). More than 30% of cows that had first cases of CM, DA, RFM, DI, and FD did not receive antibiotics. Of those treated, more than 50% of cows diagnosed with PN, ME and CM received ceftiofur as a treatment. The IR of mastitis and most other diseases was greater in older cows (parity ≥ 3) during the first 100 days of lactation and these cows were more likely to receive antibiotic treatments (as compared to younger cows diagnosed in later lactation). Cows of first and second parities in early lactation were more likely to remain in the herd after diagnosis of disease, as compared to older cows and cows in later stages of lactation. Most older cows diagnosed with CM in later lactation were culled before completion of the lactation. These results provide baseline data for disease incidence in dairy cows on modern U.S. dairy farms and reinforce the role of mastitis as an important cause of dairy cow morbidity.
本研究的目的是利用从威斯康星州37个大型奶牛场的畜群管理软件中获取的一年回顾性观察数据（n = 50,329头奶牛泌乳期），描述乳腺炎及其他常见奶牛疾病的发病率和治疗情况。发病率（IR）定义为每种疾病的首例病例数除以每个农场的泌乳期数量。临床乳腺炎（CM）仍然是奶牛中诊断最多的疾病。在所有牛群中，临床乳腺炎的平均发病率（每100头奶牛泌乳期的病例数）为24.4，蹄病（FD）为14.5，子宫炎（ME）为11.2，酮病（KE）为8.6，胎衣不下（RFM）为7.4，腹泻（DI）为4.5，皱胃移位（DA）为3.1，肺炎（PN）为2.9，产乳热（MF）为1.9。首次发生CM、DA、RFM、DI和FD的奶牛中，超过30%未接受抗生素治疗。在接受治疗的奶牛中，诊断为PN、ME和CM的奶牛中超过50%接受头孢噻呋治疗。在泌乳的前100天，年龄较大的奶牛（胎次≥3）乳腺炎和大多数其他疾病的发病率更高，并且这些奶牛比在泌乳后期诊断出的年轻奶牛更有可能接受抗生素治疗。与年龄较大的奶牛和泌乳后期的奶牛相比，初产和二胎的奶牛在泌乳早期诊断出疾病后更有可能留在牛群中。大多数在泌乳后期诊断出CM的年龄较大的奶牛在泌乳期结束前被淘汰。这些结果为美国现代奶牛场奶牛疾病的发病率提供了基线数据，并强化了乳腺炎作为奶牛发病重要原因的作用。
