Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology,Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
BMBF Junior Research Group in Infection Research "ASCRIBE", Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Viruses. 2022 Nov 5;14(11):2452. doi: 10.3390/v14112452.
Influenza is a severe contagious disease caused by influenza A and B viruses. The WHO estimates that annual outbreaks lead to 3-5 million severe infections of which approximately 10% lead to the death of the patient. While vaccination is the cornerstone of prevention, antiviral drugs represent the most important treatment option of acute infections. Only two classes of drugs are currently approved for the treatment of influenza in numerous countries: M2 channel blockers and neuraminidase inhibitors. In some countries, additional compounds such as the recently developed cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir marboxil or the polymerase inhibitor favipiravir are available. However, many of these compounds suffer from poor efficacy, if not applied early after infection. Furthermore, many influenza strains have developed resistances and lost susceptibility to these compounds. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop new anti-influenza drugs against a broad spectrum of subtypes. Natural products have made an important contribution to the development of new lead structures, particularly in the field of infectious diseases. Therefore, this article aims to review the research on the identification of novel lead structures isolated from natural resources suitable to treat influenza infections.
流感是由甲型和乙型流感病毒引起的严重传染病。世界卫生组织估计，每年的流感爆发会导致 300 万至 500 万人出现严重感染，其中约 10%的患者会死亡。疫苗接种是预防的基石，但抗病毒药物是治疗急性感染的最重要选择。目前，在许多国家，仅有两类药物被批准用于治疗流感：M2 通道阻滞剂和神经氨酸酶抑制剂。在一些国家，还可以使用其他一些化合物，如最近开发的依赖于 cap 的内切核酸酶抑制剂 baloxavir marboxil 或聚合酶抑制剂 favipiravir。然而，许多这些化合物的疗效不佳，如果不在感染后早期应用，效果更差。此外，许多流感株已经产生了耐药性，对这些化合物失去了敏感性。因此，迫切需要开发针对广泛亚型的新型抗流感药物。天然产物为新型先导结构的开发做出了重要贡献，特别是在传染病领域。因此，本文旨在综述从天然资源中鉴定出的新型先导结构的研究，这些结构适合治疗流感感染。
