Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere, Finland.
Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Clin Nutr. 2022 Dec;41(12):2729-2739. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.017. Epub 2022 Oct 27.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Nutrient status may affect the risk of microbial infections and play a role in modulating the immune response against such infections. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and serum fatty acids in infancy are associated with microbial infections by the age of 18 months.
Altogether 576 newborn infants from Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) born between 2002 and 2007 were included. The concentration of 25(OH)D vitamin and proportions of 26 fatty acids (presented as % of total fatty acids) were analyzed in cord blood serum and in sera taken at 6, 12, and 18 months of age. The cord blood samples and mean of 6-18-month values were used as exposures. Infections were detected by screening IgG antibodies against 10 microbes using enzyme immunoassay and antibodies against 6 coxsackievirus B serotypes by plaque neutralization assay in serum samples taken at 18 months of age.
A higher proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and especially long-chain n-3 PUFAs at birth and at the age of 6-18 months was associated with decreased risk of coxsackievirus B2 infection unadjusted and adjusted for region, case-control status, and maternal type 1 diabetes. Higher proportion of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3) at birth was associated with a decreased risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection. 25(OH)D vitamin concentration was not consistently associated with the risk of infections. When only infected children were included docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) proportions were positively associated with IgG antibody levels against influenza A virus. 25(OH)D vitamin concentration showed an inverse association with rotavirus IgG levels among children with rotavirus seropositivity.
In young children with increased susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, long-chain n-3 PUFAs may influence the risk of viral infections and immune response against the infections. However, this association may depend on the type of virus suggesting virus-specific effects.
营养状况可能会影响微生物感染的风险，并在调节针对此类感染的免疫反应方面发挥作用。本研究的目的是确定婴儿期血清 25-羟维生素 D [25(OH)D]和血清脂肪酸是否与 18 个月时的微生物感染有关。
总共纳入了 2002 年至 2007 年间出生于 Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk（TRIGR）的 576 名新生儿。在脐带血血清中和 6、12 和 18 个月时的血清中分析了 25(OH)D 维生素的浓度和 26 种脂肪酸的比例（以总脂肪酸的百分比表示）。脐带血样本和 6-18 个月时的平均值用作暴露。在 18 个月时的血清样本中，通过酶免疫测定法检测针对 10 种微生物的 IgG 抗体以及通过蚀斑中和测定法检测针对 6 种柯萨奇病毒 B 血清型的抗体来检测感染。
出生时和 6-18 个月时 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的比例较高，特别是长链 n-3 PUFAs，与 Coxsackievirus B2 感染的风险降低有关，未经调整和调整了区域、病例对照状态和母体 1 型糖尿病。出生时二十二碳五烯酸（DPA，22：5 n-3）比例较高与呼吸道合胞病毒感染的风险降低有关。25(OH)D 维生素浓度与感染风险无一致相关性。当仅包括感染儿童时，二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，22：6 n-3）和花生四烯酸（20：4 n-6）的比例与流感 A 病毒 IgG 抗体水平呈正相关。25(OH)D 维生素浓度与轮状病毒 IgG 水平呈负相关在轮状病毒血清阳性的儿童中。
在易患 1 型糖尿病的幼儿中，长链 n-3 PUFAs 可能会影响病毒感染的风险和针对感染的免疫反应。然而，这种关联可能取决于病毒的类型，表明存在病毒特异性效应。
