Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Department of Social Work and Education, Department of Psychology, Protestant University of Applied Sciences Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
BMC Psychol. 2022 Nov 14;10(1):266. doi: 10.1186/s40359-022-00965-8.
The impact of COVID-induced stress on mental health and alcohol use has been demonstrated in recent research. However, there is a lack of longitudinal data since most studies reported on cross-sectional data. It remains unclear how alcohol use develops under the dynamic changes of the pandemic. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the general development of alcohol use and the impact of COVID related stress on drinking behavior in a German population-based sample during the pandemic in 2020.
In the longitudinal design with three measurements (baseline [T1] and two follow-ups [T2, T3]) an online survey was administered. The survey included the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) as well as the assessment of the drinking days in the last 30 days, the number of alcoholic beverages on each occasion and changes in alcohol use in the previous fourteen days. Further, COVID-19 related concerns, perceived stress, worries about friends and family and worries about the financial situation were also assessed and multiple linear regressions and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
1050 participants started the survey, 756 participants (71.4%), 317 (52.7%) participants completed the survey at all three measurements. Seventy six percent (n = 241) of the sample were female. An increase in alcohol use in the previous 14 days was reported by 10.9% at T1, 3.9% at T2 and 3.6% at T3. Moreover, a decrease in alcohol use in the previous 14 days was reported by 8.7% at T1, 6.5% at T2 and 4.1% at T3. The number of drinking days was significantly higher at T2 than at baseline (p < .001; F = - 2.06, [CI - 3.10, - 1.02]). COVID-19 related concerns and stress were associated with a higher number of drinking days and average number of drinks at a typical occasion. AUDIT score at baseline positively predicted number of drinking days as well as average number of drinks.
The significant increases in alcohol use is a public health issue during COVID-19 pandemic. The findings show that especially people who drink more hazardously previously tend to drink more under pandemic conditions. Those individuals are particularly at risk for developing substance-related problems.
最近的研究表明，COVID 引起的压力对心理健康和饮酒行为有影响。然而，由于大多数研究报告的都是横断面数据，因此缺乏纵向数据。目前尚不清楚在大流行期间，酒精使用情况是如何随着疫情的动态变化而发展的。因此，本研究旨在调查在 2020 年的大流行期间，在德国基于人群的样本中，酒精使用的总体发展情况以及与 COVID 相关的压力对饮酒行为的影响。
采用三次测量（基线[T1]和两次随访[T2，T3]）的纵向设计，进行在线调查。该调查包括酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）以及过去 30 天内的饮酒天数、每次饮酒的酒精饮料数量以及过去 14 天内饮酒量的变化。此外，还评估了与 COVID-19 相关的担忧、感知压力、对朋友和家人的担忧以及对财务状况的担忧，并计算了多元线性回归和置信区间（CI）。
1050 名参与者开始了调查，756 名参与者（71.4%）、317 名（52.7%）参与者完成了所有三次测量。样本中 76%（n=241）为女性。T1 时有 10.9%的人报告过去 14 天内饮酒量增加，T2 时有 3.9%，T3 时有 3.6%。此外，T1 时有 8.7%、T2 时有 6.5%、T3 时有 4.1%的人报告过去 14 天内饮酒量减少。T2 时的饮酒天数明显高于基线（p<.001；F=−2.06，[CI：−3.10，−1.02]）。与 COVID-19 相关的担忧和压力与更多的饮酒天数和每次饮酒的平均饮料数量有关。基线时的 AUDIT 评分与饮酒天数和每次饮酒的平均饮料数量呈正相关。
在 COVID-19 大流行期间，酒精使用量的显著增加是一个公共卫生问题。研究结果表明，以前饮酒量较大的人在大流行期间更倾向于饮酒。这些人特别有发展与物质相关问题的风险。
