Nichols Dr Carly, Janssen Dr Brandi, Beamer Cassidy, Ferring Callie
Department of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, 312 Jessup Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, S329 College of Public Health Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
J Rural Stud. 2022 Dec;96:180-189. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.10.024. Epub 2022 Nov 7.
As COVID-19 caused severe disruptions to global supply chains in March 2020, local and regional food producers were widely heralded for their flexibility in adapting and 'pivoting' to meet changing market demand amidst public health protocols in ways their behemothic agri-food counterparts could not. While "resilient food systems" have become both an academic buzzword and a practical goal for urban and municipal planners, there is an emergent critical literature that calls for greater attention to questions of power within discourses on resilience. This article contributes to a more critical geography of food system resilience through analyzing the experiences of local food producers and meat processors in the state of Iowa, U.S. during the early pandemic period using a moral economy framework. We argue that while the small-scale, producers who market direct-to-consumer may show resilience in their ability to cope with and adapt to system shocks due to short supply chains and social relations, their uneven experience with socio-emotional and economic 'costs' of resilience merits increased attention from both academics and policymakers. The ethic of 'hustle' within farming, along with the greater social 'embeddedness' of market transactions in local food, invites a certain self-exploitation that is differentially enacted and experienced based on factors such as age, gender, health status, and their level of dependence on farm income. Our conclusions suggest that any policies focused on strengthening local and regional food system resilience need to also focus on the wellbeing of local food producers and promote policies towards dignified and remunerative work.
2020年3月，由于新冠疫情对全球供应链造成严重破坏，当地和区域食品生产商因其灵活性而广受赞誉，他们在公共卫生协议的背景下，以其大型农业食品同行无法做到的方式，灵活调整并“转型”以满足不断变化的市场需求。虽然“韧性食品系统”已成为学术热词以及城市和市政规划者的实际目标，但也有一批新兴的批判性文献呼吁在韧性话语中更加关注权力问题。本文通过运用道德经济框架分析美国爱荷华州早期疫情期间当地食品生产商和肉类加工商的经历，为食品系统韧性的更批判性地理学做出贡献。我们认为，虽然直接面向消费者销售的小规模生产商可能因其短供应链和社会关系而在应对和适应系统冲击方面表现出韧性，但其在韧性的社会情感和经济“成本”方面的不均衡经历值得学者和政策制定者更多关注。农业中的“拼搏”伦理，以及当地食品市场交易中更强的社会“嵌入性”，引发了某种自我剥削，这种剥削会因年龄、性别、健康状况以及他们对农场收入的依赖程度等因素而有不同的表现和体验。我们的结论表明，任何旨在增强地方和区域食品系统韧性的政策，也需要关注当地食品生产商的福祉，并推动有利于体面且有报酬工作的政策。
