College of Animal Science and Technology/International Joint Research Center of Animal Bio-breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
Yi Chuan. 2022 Nov 20;44(11):993-1008. doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.22-156.
Prime editing is a newly developed CRISPR/Cas system-based genome editing technique. The effector of prime editor (PE) is termed PE2, which is generated by fusing a reverse transcriptase (RT) with a Cas9 H840A nickase. The guide RNA of PE is termed prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA), which consists of a single guide RNA (sgRNA) with a 3' extension containing the RT template (RTT) and primer binding site (PBS). PE can install all 12 types of point mutations, small insertions and deletions and combinations thereof. Since its emergence in 2019, with the high versatility and specificity, PE has been applied to many living organisms, including animals, plants and bacteria. This led to many explorations of PE on gene therapy and genetic improvement in agriculture. In this review, we systematically describe the development, characteristics, optimizations, applications and security of PE. In addition, we discuss the future applications of PE. We expect that this review will help researchers to grasp and better use PE.
碱基编辑是一种新开发的基于 CRISPR/Cas 系统的基因组编辑技术。碱基编辑器（PE）的效应因子称为 PE2，它是通过将逆转录酶（RT）与 Cas9 H840A 切口酶融合而产生的。PE 的向导 RNA 称为碱基编辑向导 RNA（pegRNA），它由一个单向导 RNA（sgRNA）组成，其 3' 端延伸包含 RT 模板（RTT）和引物结合位点（PBS）。PE 可以安装所有 12 种点突变、小插入和缺失及其组合。自 2019 年出现以来，由于其高度的多功能性和特异性，PE 已被应用于许多生物体，包括动物、植物和细菌。这导致了许多关于基因治疗和农业遗传改良的 PE 探索。在这篇综述中，我们系统地描述了 PE 的发展、特点、优化、应用和安全性。此外，我们还讨论了 PE 的未来应用。我们希望这篇综述将帮助研究人员掌握和更好地使用 PE。
