Vansoeterstede Aline, Cappe Emilie, Lichtlé Jérôme, Boujut Emilie
Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Cité, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
Institut universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
J Adolesc. 2023 Feb;95(2):224-247. doi: 10.1002/jad.12121. Epub 2022 Nov 16.
School burnout (SBO) is a public health issue with possible long-term consequences that occurs among developing adolescents. To design prevention policies, SBO's causes and consequences must be established. Moreover, a better understanding of its development might help identify key moments for interventions. Longitudinal studies can reveal whether SBO changes or remains stable over time and can track how its different dimensions develop. They can also clarify the distinction between the predictors and outcomes of SBO.
This systematic review follows PRISMA guidelines and aims to synthesize knowledge about the development of SBO and its predictors and outcomes. We queried databases for articles published between January 2002 and February 2021 that use a quantitative assessment of SBO and have longitudinal designs using students in secondary education.
Forty-three articles representing 48 studies were included in this review. The most-documented risk factors are female gender and high school academic track. Exhaustion is the first dimension of SBO to develop. The most-documented risk factors are female gender and high school academic track. Relationships with parents serve as a protective factor. Outcomes of SBO include lower engagement at school, impaired identity development, and lower satisfaction with life. Complex relationships are found between SBO, problematic use of internet, problematic use of social media, and depressive symptoms. The three are likely to be caused by SBO but probably develop in vicious cycles.
More research on the organizational factors influencing SBO in diverse educational systems is needed.
学校倦怠（SBO）是一个公共卫生问题，在青少年成长过程中可能产生长期影响。为制定预防政策，必须明确SBO的成因及后果。此外，深入了解其发展过程可能有助于确定干预的关键时机。纵向研究可以揭示SBO随时间的变化情况或是否保持稳定，并能追踪其不同维度的发展。它们还可以厘清SBO的预测因素和结果之间的区别。
本系统评价遵循PRISMA指南，旨在综合有关SBO发展及其预测因素和结果的知识。我们检索了数据库，查找2002年1月至2021年2月期间发表的、对SBO进行定量评估且采用纵向设计的涉及中等教育学生的文章。
本评价纳入了代表48项研究的43篇文章。记录最多的风险因素是女性性别和高中学习轨迹。倦怠是SBO发展的第一个维度。记录最多的风险因素是女性性别和高中学习轨迹。与父母的关系起到保护作用。SBO的结果包括在学校的参与度降低、身份认同发展受损以及生活满意度降低。在SBO、网络使用问题、社交媒体使用问题和抑郁症状之间发现了复杂的关系。这三者可能由SBO导致，但可能以恶性循环的方式发展。
需要对不同教育系统中影响SBO的组织因素进行更多研究。
