Grover Chander, Bansal Shikha, Varma Ameeta, Jakhar Deepak
Department of Dermatology and STD, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India.
Indian Dermatol Online J. 2022 Sep 21;13(6):701-709. doi: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_126_22. eCollection 2022 Nov-Dec.
We have seen that radiological techniques like digital x-ray, high-frequency ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have their unique roles in assessing a complex anatomical structure like the nail unit. Broadly speaking, USG and MRI help evaluate soft tissue components well; while, radiographs and CT scans help assess bony lesions better. In the second part of this review, salient radiological features of various nail disorders, as seen on these modalities are detailed. The radiological features mostly play a supportive role and help rule out differential diagnoses. However, in some diseases like retronychia and some nail tumors, radiological findings help clinch the diagnosis. The diagnostic features as well as the investigative modality of choice for a particular disease are highlighted based on the best level of evidence (LoE) available. This narrative review includes both infectious and non-infectious nail unit diseases, with special emphasis on nail unit tumors.
我们已经看到，诸如数字X线摄影、高频超声检查（USG）、计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MRI）等放射学技术在评估像甲单元这样复杂的解剖结构方面具有独特作用。广义而言，超声检查和磁共振成像有助于很好地评估软组织成分；而X线片和CT扫描则有助于更好地评估骨病变。在本综述的第二部分，详细介绍了在这些检查方式下各种甲病的显著放射学特征。放射学特征大多起辅助作用，有助于排除鉴别诊断。然而，在一些疾病如逆行甲皱襞及某些甲肿瘤中，放射学表现有助于确诊。基于现有最佳证据水平（LoE），突出了特定疾病的诊断特征以及首选的检查方式。本叙述性综述涵盖了感染性和非感染性甲单元疾病，特别强调了甲单元肿瘤。
