Tewari Maitreyee, Lindgren Helena
Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Front Robot AI. 2022 Oct 14;9:956709. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2022.956709. eCollection 2022.
The purpose of this study is to explore how older, middle aged and younger adults perceive breakdown situations caused by lack of or inconsistent knowledge, sudden focus shifts, and conflicting intentions in dialogues between a human and a socially intelligent robot in a home environment, and how they perceive strategies to manage breakdown situations. Scenarios embedding dialogues on health-related topics were constructed based on activity-theoretical and argumentation frameworks. Different reasons for breakdown situations and strategies to handle these were embedded. The scenarios were recorded in a Wizard-of-Oz setup, with a human actor and a Nao robot. Twenty participants between 23 and 72 years of age viewed the recordings and participated in semi-structured interviews conducted remotely. Data were analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis. Four themes relating to breakdown situations emerged: , , , and . The themes span complex human activity at different complementary levels and provide further developed understanding of breakdown situations in human-robot interaction (HRI). Older and middle-aged adults emphasized emphatic behavior and adherence to social norms, while younger adults focused on functional aspects such as gaze, response time, and length of utterances. A hierarchical taxonomy of aspects relating to breakdown situations was formed, and design implications are provided, guiding future research. We conclude that a socially intelligent robot agent needs strategies to 1) construct and manage its understanding related to emotions of the human, social norms, knowledge, and motive on a higher level of meaningful human activity, 2) act accordingly, for instance, adhering to transparent social roles, and 3) resolve conflicting motives, and identify reasons to prevent and manage breakdown situations at different levels of collaborative activity. Furthermore, the novel methodology to frame the dynamics of human-robot dialogues in complex activities using Activity Theory and argumentation theory was instrumental in this work and will guide the future work on tailoring the robot's behavior.
本研究的目的是探讨老年人、中年人和年轻人如何看待家庭环境中人与社交智能机器人对话时因知识缺乏或不一致、突然的注意力转移以及意图冲突而导致的交流中断情况，以及他们如何看待管理交流中断情况的策略。基于活动理论和论证框架构建了嵌入健康相关主题对话的场景。其中融入了交流中断情况的不同原因以及处理这些情况的策略。这些场景是在 “奥兹国的魔法师” 设置中录制的，有一名人类演员和一个Nao机器人。23至72岁的20名参与者观看了录像，并远程参与了半结构化访谈。使用主题分析对数据进行了定性分析。出现了四个与交流中断情况相关的主题： ， ， ，以及 。这些主题涵盖了不同互补层面上的复杂人类活动，并为理解人机交互（HRI）中的交流中断情况提供了更深入的认识。老年人和中年人强调情感行为和对社会规范的遵守，而年轻人则关注诸如目光、反应时间和话语长度等功能方面。形成了一个与交流中断情况相关方面的层次分类法，并提供了设计启示，以指导未来的研究。我们得出结论，一个社交智能机器人代理需要策略来：1）在更有意义的人类活动的更高层面上构建和管理其与人类情感、社会规范、知识和动机相关的理解；2）相应地采取行动，例如，遵守明确的社会角色；3）解决冲突的动机，并识别在不同协作活动层面上预防和管理交流中断情况的原因。此外，使用活动理论和论证理论在复杂活动中构建人机对话动态的新颖方法在这项工作中发挥了重要作用，并将指导未来关于调整机器人行为的工作。
