Ercolano Maria Raffaella, D'Esposito Daniela, Andolfo Giuseppe, Frusciante Luigi
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Portici, Italy.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Oct 27;13:1007288. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1007288. eCollection 2022.
A sophisticated innate immune system based on diverse pathogen receptor genes (PRGs) evolved in the history of plant life. To reconstruct the direction and magnitude of evolutionary trajectories of a given gene family, it is critical to detect the ancestral signatures. The rearrangement of functional domains made up the diversification found in PRG repertoires. Structural rearrangement of ancient domains mediated the NB-LRR evolutionary path from an initial set of modular proteins. Events such as domain acquisition, sequence modification and temporary or stable associations are prominent among rapidly evolving innate immune receptors. Over time PRGs are continuously shaped by different forces to find their optimal arrangement along the genome. The immune system is controlled by a robust regulatory system that works at different scales. It is important to understand how the PRG interaction network can be adjusted to meet specific needs. The high plasticity of the innate immune system is based on a sophisticated functional architecture and multi-level control. Due to the complexity of interacting with diverse pathogens, multiple defense lines have been organized into interconnected groups. Genomic architecture, gene expression regulation and functional arrangement of PRGs allow the deployment of an appropriate innate immunity response.
基于多种病原体受体基因（PRGs）的复杂先天免疫系统在植物生命史上不断进化。要重构给定基因家族进化轨迹的方向和幅度，检测祖先特征至关重要。功能域的重排构成了PRG库中的多样化。古老结构域的结构重排介导了NB-LRR从最初的一组模块化蛋白质开始的进化路径。在快速进化的先天免疫受体中，诸如结构域获得、序列修饰以及临时或稳定关联等事件很突出。随着时间的推移，PRGs不断受到不同力量的塑造，以在基因组中找到其最佳排列。免疫系统由一个在不同尺度上起作用的强大调节系统控制。了解PRG相互作用网络如何进行调整以满足特定需求很重要。先天免疫系统的高可塑性基于复杂的功能架构和多层次控制。由于与多种病原体相互作用的复杂性，多条防线已被组织成相互关联的群体。PRGs的基因组结构、基因表达调控和功能排列允许部署适当的先天免疫反应。
