Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Clin Nutr. 2022 Dec;41(12):2817-2824. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.11.002. Epub 2022 Nov 5.
Growing evidence has linked gut microbiota with regulation of adiposity. We aimed to examine whether the genetically determined relative abundance of gut microbial taxa was associated with long-term changes in adiposity and body composition among individuals who were overweight or obese in weight-loss diet interventions.
The study included 692 participants with overweight or obese from the POUNDS Lost trial. We created a genetic risk score (GRS) for the relevant abundance of gut microbial taxa using 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms identified from a recent genome-wide association study. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Higher GRS for the relative abundance of gut microbial taxa was significantly associated with greater reductions in waist circumference, total fat mass (FM), whole-body total percentage of fat mass (FM%), and percentage of trunk fat (TF%) at 2 years (p = 0.022, 0.034, 0.023, 0.023, respectively). In addition, dietary protein significantly modified the association between GRS for gut microbial abundance and changes in total FM, FM%, and TF% (p-interactions = 0.04, 0.013, and 0.006, respectively) at 6-month, when the maximum weight loss was achieved, even though such interactions were attenuated at 2 years. In the average-protein diet group, a higher microbial abundance GRS was associated with greater reductions in total FM (p = 0.007), FM% (p = 0.002), and TF% (p < 0.001) at 6 months, while no associations were found in the high-protein diet group (p > 0.05).
Our results suggest that the higher genetically determined relative abundance of gut microbial taxa may be related to long-term improvement of whole-body and central fatness and body composition in response to low-calorie diet interventions.
越来越多的证据表明肠道微生物群与脂肪调节有关。我们旨在研究在减肥饮食干预中，超重或肥胖的个体中，肠道微生物分类群的遗传决定相对丰度是否与体脂和身体成分的长期变化相关。
该研究纳入了来自 POUNDS Lost 试验的 692 名超重或肥胖参与者。我们使用最近全基因组关联研究确定的 20 个单核苷酸多态性，为肠道微生物分类群的相关丰度创建了遗传风险评分（GRS）。使用双能 X 射线吸收法评估身体成分。
肠道微生物分类群相对丰度的 GRS 较高与 2 年内腰围、总脂肪量（FM）、全身总脂肪百分比（FM%）和躯干脂肪百分比（TF%）的降低显著相关（p=0.022，0.034，0.023，0.023，分别）。此外，饮食蛋白质显著改变了 GRS 与总 FM、FM%和 TF%变化之间的关联（p 交互=0.04，0.013 和 0.006，分别），在 6 个月时达到最大减重，尽管这种相互作用在 2 年内减弱了。在平均蛋白质饮食组中，较高的微生物丰度 GRS 与总 FM（p=0.007）、FM%（p=0.002）和 TF%（p<0.001）的降低显著相关，而在高蛋白饮食组中未发现相关性（p>0.05）。
我们的结果表明，较高的遗传决定肠道微生物分类群的相对丰度可能与低卡路里饮食干预下全身和中心脂肪及身体成分的长期改善有关。
