Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
ImmunoNutriton Lab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Molecules. 2021 Jan 28;26(3):682. doi: 10.3390/molecules26030682.
Worldwide obesity is a public health concern that has reached pandemic levels. Obesity is the major predisposing factor to comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The common forms of obesity are multifactorial and derive from a complex interplay of environmental changes and the individual genetic predisposition. Increasing evidence suggest a pivotal role played by alterations of gut microbiota (GM) that could represent the causative link between environmental factors and onset of obesity. The beneficial effects of GM are mainly mediated by the secretion of various metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate are small organic metabolites produced by fermentation of dietary fibers and resistant starch with vast beneficial effects in energy metabolism, intestinal homeostasis and immune responses regulation. An aberrant production of SCFAs has emerged in obesity and metabolic diseases. Among SCFAs, butyrate emerged because it might have a potential in alleviating obesity and related comorbidities. Here we reviewed the preclinical and clinical data that contribute to explain the role of butyrate in this context, highlighting its crucial contribute in the diet-GM-host health axis.
全球肥胖是一个公共卫生关注的问题，已经达到了流行的水平。肥胖是多种疾病的主要诱发因素，包括 2 型糖尿病、心血管疾病、血脂异常和非酒精性脂肪性肝病。常见的肥胖形式是多因素的，源于环境变化和个体遗传易感性的复杂相互作用。越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群 (GM) 的改变起着关键作用，它可能是环境因素与肥胖发生之间的因果联系。GM 的有益作用主要是通过各种代谢物的分泌来介导的。短链脂肪酸 (SCFAs) 乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐是由膳食纤维和抗性淀粉发酵产生的小分子有机代谢物，对能量代谢、肠道内稳态和免疫反应调节有广泛的有益作用。在肥胖和代谢性疾病中出现了 SCFAs 的异常产生。在 SCFAs 中，丁酸盐因其可能在缓解肥胖及其相关并发症方面具有潜力而备受关注。本文综述了有助于解释丁酸盐在这方面作用的临床前和临床数据，强调了其在饮食- GM -宿主健康轴中的关键作用。
