Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Complementary Medicine, Freiburg Medical Center - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstraße 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany.
Unit of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Pereira Rossell Women's Hospital, Bvard. Artigas 1590, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.
J Nutr Sci. 2022 Oct 31;11:e93. doi: 10.1017/jns.2022.93. eCollection 2022.
Contemporary diets in Western countries are largely acid-inducing and deficient in potassium alkali salts, resulting in low-grade metabolic acidosis. The chronic consumption of acidogenic diets abundant in animal-based foods (meats, dairy, cheese and eggs) poses a substantial challenge to the human body's buffering capacities and chronic retention of acid wherein the progressive loss of bicarbonate stores can cause cellular and tissue damage. An elevated dietary acid load (DAL) has been associated with systemic inflammation and other adverse metabolic conditions. In this narrative review, we examine DAL quantification methods and index observational and clinical evidence on the role of plant-based diets, chiefly vegetarian and vegan, in reducing DAL. Quantitation of protein and amino acid composition and of intake of alkalising organic potassium salts and magnesium show that plant-based diets are most effective at reducing DAL. Results from clinical studies and recommendations in the form of expert committee opinions suggest that for a number of common illnesses, wherein metabolic acidosis is a contributing factor, the regular inclusion of plant-based foods offers measurable benefits for disease prevention and management. Based on available evidence, dietary shifts toward plant-based nutrition effectively reduces dietary-induced, low-grade metabolic acidosis.
西方国家的现代饮食在很大程度上是致酸的，并且缺乏钾碱盐，导致低度代谢性酸中毒。大量食用富含动物源性食物（肉类、奶制品、奶酪和鸡蛋）的产酸饮食对人体的缓冲能力和酸性的慢性潴留构成了重大挑战，其中碳酸氢盐储存的逐渐流失会导致细胞和组织损伤。较高的饮食酸负荷 (DAL) 与全身炎症和其他不良代谢状况有关。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们检查了 DAL 定量方法，并观察和临床证据表明，植物性饮食，主要是素食和纯素，可降低 DAL。定量蛋白质和氨基酸组成以及摄入碱性有机钾盐和镁表明，植物性饮食在降低 DAL 方面最有效。来自临床研究的结果和专家委员会意见的建议表明，对于许多常见疾病，其中代谢性酸中毒是一个促成因素，经常摄入植物性食物可对疾病预防和管理带来可衡量的益处。基于现有证据，饮食向植物性营养的转变可有效降低饮食引起的低度代谢性酸中毒。
