Postgraduate Department, Food Science, University of Oriente, Anzoátegui 6001, Venezuela.
Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Complementary Medicine, Freiburg University Hospital Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 14;15(12):2745. doi: 10.3390/nu15122745.
Dietary acid load (DAL) is an important determinant of the acid-base balance in humans and has been associated with several chronic non-communicable diseases. Plant-based diets, including vegetarian and vegan diets, decrease DAL-although their alkalizing potential varies substantially. Their net effect on common DAL scores, including potential renal acid load and net endogenous acid production, has been insufficiently quantified and is poorly understood-particularly in populations outside of Europe and North America. We assessed the associations between three plant-based dietary patterns (flexitarian vs. lacto-ovo-vegetarian vs. vegan diet) and DAL scores in a healthy Venezuelan population in the metropolitan area of Puerto La Cruz, Venezuela. Substantial differences in DAL scores were observed, whereby the vegan diet yielded the highest alkalizing potential, followed by the lacto-ovo-vegetarian and the flexitarian diet. DAL scores were substantially lower in comparison to European and North American plant-based populations, probably due to the higher potassium intake (exceeding 4000 mg/d in vegans), the higher magnesium intake (390.31 ± 1.79 mg/d in vegans) and the lower intake of protein in vegans and lacto-ovo-vegetarians. Additional studies in other non-industrialized populations are warranted to allow for a better understanding of the (numeric) impact of plant-based dietary patterns on DAL scores, potentially allowing for an establishment of reference ranges in the near future.
饮食酸负荷（DAL）是人类酸碱平衡的一个重要决定因素，与多种慢性非传染性疾病有关。植物性饮食，包括素食和纯素食，可降低 DAL-尽管它们的碱化潜力有很大差异。它们对常见 DAL 评分的净效应，包括潜在的肾酸负荷和净内源性酸产生，尚未得到充分量化，也知之甚少-特别是在欧洲和北美以外的人群中。我们评估了三种植物性饮食模式（杂食与乳蛋素食与纯素食）与委内瑞拉首都拉克鲁斯大都市区健康委内瑞拉人群的 DAL 评分之间的关联。观察到 DAL 评分存在显著差异，其中纯素食的碱化潜力最高，其次是乳蛋素食和杂食。与欧洲和北美植物性人群相比，DAL 评分明显降低，这可能是由于钾摄入量较高（素食者超过 4000mg/d）、镁摄入量较高（素食者 390.31±1.79mg/d）以及素食者和乳蛋素食者的蛋白质摄入量较低所致。需要在其他非工业化人群中进行更多研究，以更好地了解植物性饮食模式对 DAL 评分的（数值）影响，有可能在不久的将来建立参考范围。
