Suder Marcin, Wójtowicz Tomasz, Kusa Rafał, Gurgul Henryk
Faculty of Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, ul. Gramatyka 10, 30-067 Krakow, Poland.
Cent Eur J Oper Res. 2023;31(2):445-465. doi: 10.1007/s10100-022-00816-2. Epub 2022 Nov 10.
One of the most important issues related to the management of an Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) network is the correct forecasting of the demand for cash. Typically, this demand, expressed as the value or number of ATM withdrawals, has some regularities that can be used to evaluate future values for these variables. However, forecasting becomes a challenge when a crisis occurs that could affect the behavior of ATM users. In this context, it is important to identify how the development of the crisis and the various information concerning it may affect people's attitudes to cash. This study aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the behavior of ATM customers. On the basis of daily data from 81 ATMs, we analyze the changes in the value and number of withdrawals just before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. An event study analysis allows us to determine precisely the moments in which changes in user behavior took place. This means that it is also possible to examine the reaction of ATM users to the announcement and implementation of the pandemic restrictions, and to determine the factors that had an impact on the change in people's attitude to cash. Such a study is also important from a sociological point of view, as it enables one to understand people's reactions to the emerging crisis. Hence, its results may be useful not only for managers of ATM networks, but also for various authorities and policy makers.
与自动取款机（ATM）网络管理相关的最重要问题之一是对现金需求的准确预测。通常，这种以ATM取款的价值或数量表示的需求具有一些规律性，可用于评估这些变量的未来值。然而，当发生可能影响ATM用户行为的危机时，预测就成为一项挑战。在这种情况下，确定危机的发展及其相关的各种信息如何影响人们对现金的态度很重要。本研究旨在考察新冠疫情对ATM客户行为的影响。基于81台ATM的每日数据，我们分析了波兰在新冠疫情之前和期间取款价值和数量的变化。事件研究分析使我们能够精确确定用户行为发生变化的时刻。这意味着还可以考察ATM用户对疫情限制措施宣布和实施的反应，并确定影响人们对现金态度变化的因素。从社会学角度来看，这样的研究也很重要，因为它能让人们了解人们对新出现危机的反应。因此，其结果不仅可能对ATM网络的管理者有用，对各当局和政策制定者也有用。
