Ameer Muhammad Atif, Chaudhry Haroon, Mushtaq Javaria, Khan Osama S, Babar Maham, Hashim Tehmina, Zeb Saima, Tariq Muhammad Ali, Patlolla Sridhar Reddy, Ali Junaid, Hashim Syeda Nafeesa, Hashim Sana
Department of Medicine, Punjab Rangers Teaching Hospital, Lahore, PAK.
Internal Medicine, Suburban Community Hospital, East Norriton, USA.
Cureus. 2022 Oct 15;14(10):e30330. doi: 10.7759/cureus.30330. eCollection 2022 Oct.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement. It is multifactorial and involves epigenetic, genetic, ecological, and environmental factors. Primarily it leads to activation of both innate and adaptive immunity, which consequently leads to autoreactive B cell activation by T cells and leads to immune complexes deposition in tissues leading to an autoimmune cascade that may be limited to the single organ or can cause a widespread systemic involvement. SLE is heterogeneous in presentation, with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from clinically mild self-resolving symptoms to severe life-threatening organ involvement. Clinical and serological heterogeneity are critical features in SLE, posing a significant challenge in its diagnosis. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are the telltale serological marker in more than 95% of SLE patients. The improved set of European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) classification enabled accurate diagnosis of SLE. The treatment focuses on remission, preventing organ damage, and improving the overall quality of life.
系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）是一种累及多系统的复杂自身免疫性疾病。它是多因素的，涉及表观遗传、遗传、生态和环境因素。主要导致固有免疫和适应性免疫的激活，进而导致T细胞激活自身反应性B细胞，并导致免疫复合物在组织中沉积，引发自身免疫级联反应，该反应可能局限于单个器官，也可能导致广泛的全身受累。SLE的临床表现具有异质性，临床表现范围广泛，从临床上轻度的自行缓解症状到严重的危及生命的器官受累。临床和血清学异质性是SLE的关键特征，对其诊断构成重大挑战。抗核抗体（ANA）是超过95%的SLE患者的标志性血清学标志物。欧洲抗风湿病联盟（EULAR）改进后的分类标准有助于准确诊断SLE。治疗的重点是缓解病情、预防器官损伤和提高整体生活质量。
