Khurana Khushi, Singh Chandra Veer
Otolaryngology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND.
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2022 Oct 18;14(10):e30425. doi: 10.7759/cureus.30425. eCollection 2022 Oct.
With the evolving understanding of COVID-19, a thorough analysis of the effects of this unique coronavirus on the affected people's olfactory abilities could highlight the disease's specific course of treatment. Researchers have discovered that the neurological side effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection include acute anosmia and ageusia. This work aims to review the relevant mechanisms, provide information on COVID-19-related anosmia, and suggest a novel approach to treating long-term anosmia brought on by coronavirus disease. For that, we did a thorough literature assessment of the subject from various online resources, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. We evaluated the publications that described anosmia in COVID-19 and its management. In patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections, the angiotensin-converting enzyme two receptor plays a crucial role in the anosmia process. Olfactory systems are directly harmed by new coronaviruses when they connect with sustentacular cells' ACE-2 (Angiotensin converting enzyme-2) receptors. Other suggested processes include the virus's infiltration of the olfactory nerve and the ensuing local inflammation. Therefore, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, or depolarizing medications may be helpful for COVID-19 individuals who have lost their sense of smell. According to the available data, we found out olfactory training, topical or oral corticosteroids, caffeine, insulin, or minocycline may effectively treat COVID-19 odor loss. A novel method of treating long-term COVID-19 with persistent anosmia can be suggested based on recent investigations. The path to effective anosmia management is still somewhat hazy, but there is hope that we can find the right treatment plan with the right clinical trials and additional research. People who lost their sense of smell during COVID-19 can be reassured that recovery is typically possible.
随着对新冠病毒认识的不断演变，深入分析这种独特冠状病毒对感染者嗅觉能力的影响，可能会凸显该疾病的具体治疗过程。研究人员发现，新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）感染的神经学副作用包括急性嗅觉丧失和味觉丧失。这项工作旨在回顾相关机制，提供有关COVID-19相关嗅觉丧失的信息，并提出一种治疗冠状病毒疾病导致的长期嗅觉丧失的新方法。为此，我们从包括PubMed、Scopus和谷歌学术在内的各种在线资源对该主题进行了全面的文献评估。我们评估了描述COVID-19中嗅觉丧失及其管理的出版物。在新型冠状病毒肺炎（SARS-CoV-2）感染患者中，血管紧张素转换酶2受体在嗅觉丧失过程中起关键作用。当新型冠状病毒与支持细胞的ACE-2（血管紧张素转换酶2）受体结合时，嗅觉系统会直接受到损害。其他提出的机制包括病毒对嗅神经的浸润及随后的局部炎症。因此，神经保护、抗炎或去极化药物可能对嗅觉丧失的COVID-19患者有帮助。根据现有数据，我们发现嗅觉训练、局部或口服皮质类固醇、咖啡因、胰岛素或米诺环素可能有效治疗COVID-19导致的嗅觉丧失。基于最近的研究，可以提出一种治疗长期COVID-19伴持续性嗅觉丧失的新方法。有效管理嗅觉丧失的途径仍有些模糊，但我们有望通过适当的临床试验和更多研究找到正确的治疗方案。在COVID-19期间失去嗅觉的人可以放心，恢复通常是可能的。
