Anampa-Canales Maria M, Huancahuire-Vega Salomón, Newball-Noriega Edda E, Morales-García Wilter C, Galvez Cesar Augusto
Department of Public Health, Postgraduate School, Universidad Peruana Unión (UPeU), Lima, Peru.
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Medicine, Universidad Peruana Unión (UPeU), Lima, Peru.
Front Nutr. 2022 Nov 4;9:1005170. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1005170. eCollection 2022.
The global pandemic of COVID-19 and the social distancing efforts implemented worldwide to limit its spread have disrupted the economy, increased food insecurity, and mental health problems.
The aim of this study was to determine the association between food insecurity and mental health outcomes (stress, depression, and anxiety) in Peruvian households during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A cross-sectional investigation was conducted with 525 participants of both sexes (68% women), over 18 years of age and from the three geographic regions of Peru: Coast (54.9%), Highlands (28.4%), and Jungle (16.8%). The data were collected during the year 2021, between July 6 and September 22 through a self-administered online survey designed to assess socio-demographic, socioeconomic, food insecurity, and mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, and stress).
The majority of households (71.4%) experienced some degree of food insecurity. Mild food insecurity was the most frequent, affecting 49.1%, followed by moderate 15.4%, and severe 6.9%. Regarding mental health outcomes, 24.8% manifested depression, 26.7% anxiety, and 15.3% stress. With respect to the association between the level of food insecurity and anxiety, this was highly significant ( < 0.01). Households with mild, moderate and severe food insecurity are 2.04, 4.5, and 10.44 times, respectively, more likely to have moderate-severe anxiety. On the other hand, the mild food insecurity was not associated with moderate-severe depression. In contrast, households with moderate and severe food insecurity are 2.8 and 5.7 times, respectively, more likely to have moderate-severe depression. Finally, households with moderate food insecurity are 5.9 times more likely to have moderate-severe stress, and households with severe food insecurity are 8.5 times more likely to have moderate-severe stress, both having a highly significant association ( < 0.01).
In conclusion, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru, household food insecurity was independently associated with worse mental health outcomes. Monitoring of both food insecurity and mental health will be important as the COVID-19 pandemic continues.
新冠疫情在全球大流行，世界各地为限制其传播而实施的社交距离措施扰乱了经济，加剧了粮食不安全和心理健康问题。
本研究旨在确定秘鲁家庭在新冠疫情期间粮食不安全与心理健康结果（压力、抑郁和焦虑）之间的关联。
对525名18岁以上来自秘鲁三个地理区域（海岸地区占54.9%、高地地区占28.4%、丛林地区占16.8%）的男女参与者进行了横断面调查。数据于2021年7月6日至9月22日期间通过一项自行填写的在线调查收集，该调查旨在评估社会人口统计学、社会经济状况、粮食不安全和心理健康结果（抑郁、焦虑和压力）。
大多数家庭（71.4%）经历了某种程度的粮食不安全。轻度粮食不安全最为常见，占49.1%，其次是中度粮食不安全，占15.4%，重度粮食不安全占6.9%。关于心理健康结果，24.8%表现出抑郁，26.7%表现出焦虑，15.3%表现出压力。关于粮食不安全程度与焦虑之间的关联，这一关联高度显著（<0.01）。轻度、中度和重度粮食不安全的家庭出现中度至重度焦虑的可能性分别是其他家庭的2.04倍、4.5倍和10.44倍。另一方面，轻度粮食不安全与中度至重度抑郁无关。相比之下，中度和重度粮食不安全的家庭出现中度至重度抑郁的可能性分别是其他家庭的2.8倍和5.7倍。最后，中度粮食不安全的家庭出现中度至重度压力的可能性是其他家庭的5.9倍，重度粮食不安全的家庭出现中度至重度压力的可能性是其他家庭的8.5倍，两者均具有高度显著的关联（<0.01）。
总之，在秘鲁新冠疫情的第二波期间，家庭粮食不安全与更差的心理健康结果独立相关。随着新冠疫情的持续，对粮食不安全和心理健康的监测都将很重要。
