Ruiz-Frutos Carlos, Palomino-Baldeón Juan Carlos, Ortega-Moreno Mónica, Villavicencio-Guardia María Del Carmen, Dias Adriano, Bernardes João Marcos, Gómez-Salgado Juan
Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador.
Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Jun 8;9(6):691. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9060691.
This pandemic has been classified as a "psychological pandemic" that produces anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and sleep disorders. As the mental health effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, continue to unfold, there are still large knowledge gaps about the variables that predispose individuals to, or protect individuals against the disease. However, there are few publications on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of citizens in Latin American countries. In this study, the effects that COVID-19 had on citizens of Peru have been described. For this, 1699 questionnaires, collected between 2 April and 2 September 2020, were analyzed. Descriptive, bivariate analysis was performed with odds ratio (OR) calculations and a data mining methodology. Sociodemographic variables (from the General Health Questionnaire), health conditions and perception, symptoms, and variables related to contact and preventive measures regarding COVID-19 were analyzed. As compared to other countries, less affectation of mental health and increased use of preventive measures were observed. It has been suggested that the country's precarious health system and poverty rates prior to the pandemic may justify higher mortality figures in Peru than in other Latin American countries, despite prompt action for its containment and compliance with the protective measures. Psychological distress had a greater incidence in women, young people, people without a partner, and people without university studies. The most significant conditioning variables were self-perceived health status, headache or muscle pain over the past 14 days, level of studies, and age. The extensive use of preventive measures against COVID-19 is in line with the strict legislative measures taken, and this is, in turn, in line with other countries when looking at the lower effect on mental health, but contrary when focusing on the high lethality identified. The need to include the economy or availability and quality of healthcare in future studies arises, as well as the suitability to analyze the cause for differences between countries.
这场大流行已被归类为一种“心理大流行”，会引发焦虑、抑郁、创伤后应激障碍和睡眠障碍。随着严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）引发的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）对心理健康的影响不断显现，对于哪些变量会使个体易患该疾病或保护个体免受该疾病侵害，仍存在很大的知识空白。然而，关于COVID-19大流行对拉丁美洲国家公民心理健康影响的出版物却很少。在本研究中，描述了COVID-19对秘鲁公民的影响。为此，对2020年4月2日至9月2日期间收集的1699份问卷进行了分析。采用优势比（OR）计算和数据挖掘方法进行描述性双变量分析。分析了社会人口统计学变量（来自一般健康问卷）、健康状况与认知、症状以及与COVID-19接触和预防措施相关的变量。与其他国家相比，观察到心理健康受影响较小，预防措施的使用有所增加。有人认为，尽管该国迅速采取行动控制疫情并遵守保护措施，但大流行之前该国不稳定的卫生系统和贫困率可能是秘鲁死亡率高于其他拉丁美洲国家的原因。心理困扰在女性、年轻人、没有伴侣的人和没有大学学历的人中发病率更高。最显著的影响变量是自我感知的健康状况、过去14天内的头痛或肌肉疼痛、学历水平和年龄。对COVID-19预防措施的广泛使用与所采取的严格立法措施一致，从对心理健康影响较小这一点来看，这与其他国家也是一致的，但在关注所发现的高致死率时则相反。未来的研究有必要纳入经济因素或医疗保健的可及性和质量，以及分析各国之间差异原因的适用性。
