Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
Front Public Health. 2022 Nov 2;10:1001567. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1001567. eCollection 2022.
INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly changed society. We aimed to examine the systematic impact of the COVID-19 on injury burden in the United States. METHODS: We extracted mortality and morbidity data from CDC WONDER and WISQARS. We estimated age-standardized injury mortality rate ratio and morbidity rate ratio (MtRR and MbRR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for all injuries, all unintentional injuries, homicide/assault by all methods, suicide/self-harm by all methods, as well as other 11 specific unintentional or intentional injury categories. Injury rate ratios were compared for 2020 vs. 2019 to those of 2019 vs. 2018 to demonstrate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on fatal and nonfatal injury burden. The ratio of MtRRs (RMtRR) and the ratio of MbRRs (RMbRR) with 95% CI between 2020 vs. 2019 and 2019 vs. 2018 were calculated separately. RESULTS: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increase in injury mortality (RMtRR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.13) but injury morbidity decreased (RMbRR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.89) when the changes of these rates from 2019 to 2020 were compared to those from 2018 to 2019. Mortality disparities between the two time periods were primarily driven by greater mortality during the COVID-influenced 2020 vs. 2019 from road traffic crashes (particularly motorcyclist mortality), drug poisoning, and homicide by firearm. Similar patterns were not present from 2019 vs. 2018. There were morbidity reductions from road traffic crashes (particularly occupant and pedestrian morbidity from motor vehicle crashes), unintentional falls, and self-harm by suffocation from 2019 to 2020 compared to the previous period. Change patterns in sexes and age groups were generally similar, but exceptions were observed for some injury types. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly changed specific injury burden in the United States. Some discrepancies also existed across sex and age groups, meriting attention of injury researchers and policymakers to tailor injury prevention strategies to particular populations and the environmental contexts citizens face.
简介：COVID-19 大流行极大地改变了社会。我们旨在研究 COVID-19 对美国伤害负担的系统影响。
方法：我们从 CDC WONDER 和 WISQARS 中提取了死亡率和发病率数据。我们使用年龄标准化伤害死亡率比和发病率比（MtRR 和 MbRR），并使用 95%置信区间（95%CI）估计了所有伤害、所有非故意伤害、所有方法导致的凶杀/袭击、所有方法导致的自杀/自残，以及其他 11 种特定的非故意或故意伤害类别。将 2020 年与 2019 年进行比较，将 2019 年与 2018 年进行比较，以显示 COVID-19 大流行对致命和非致命伤害负担的影响。单独计算了 2020 年与 2019 年相比的 MtRR 比值（RMtRR）和 MbRR 比值（RMbRR）及其 95%CI。
结果：与 2018 年至 2019 年相比，与 2019 年至 2020 年相比，COVID-19 大流行与伤害死亡率的增加（RMtRR=1.12，95%CI：1.11，1.13）有关，但伤害发病率下降（RMbRR=0.88，95%CI：0.88，0.89）。这两个时间段之间的死亡率差异主要是由于 2020 年 COVID-19 期间道路交通事故（特别是摩托车手死亡率）、药物中毒和枪支凶杀造成的死亡率更高。从 2019 年至 2018 年，没有出现类似的模式。与前一时期相比，2019 年至 2020 年，道路交通事故（特别是机动车事故中的乘客和行人受伤）、意外跌倒和窒息自伤导致发病率下降。性别和年龄组的变化模式通常相似，但某些伤害类型存在例外。
结论：COVID-19 大流行极大地改变了美国特定的伤害负担。性别和年龄组之间也存在一些差异，这值得伤害研究人员和政策制定者关注，以针对特定人群和公民面临的环境背景制定伤害预防策略。
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