Zhou Xiaoling, Wu Xiang, Lai Kairan, Zhou Ruiyao, Chen Zhanghui, Yang Zhigang, Gao Xiangwei
Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Int J Cancer. 2023 Jul 1;153(1):20-32. doi: 10.1002/ijc.34360. Epub 2022 Nov 29.
Most proteins are derived from the translation of coding sequence (CDS) in messenger RNAs (mRNAs). However, accumulating evidence has revealed an unexpected abundance of translation in putative non-coding genomes, especially 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of mRNAs or non-coding RNA species (ncRNA) such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Notably, many of these UTR- or ncRNA-encoded micropeptides/proteins play important roles in human malignancies. In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the translation of non-coding regions or ncRNAs and the methods to discover the hidden coding information. Furthermore, we summarize the biological functions of UTR- or ncRNA-encoded micropeptides/proteins in cancers and discuss their potential as clinical biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
大多数蛋白质来源于信使核糖核酸（mRNA）中编码序列（CDS）的翻译。然而，越来越多的证据表明，在假定的非编码基因组中存在意想不到的大量翻译现象，尤其是mRNA的5'非翻译区（5'UTR）或非编码RNA种类（ncRNA），如长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）和环状RNA（circRNA）。值得注意的是，许多这些由UTR或ncRNA编码的小肽/蛋白质在人类恶性肿瘤中发挥着重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们描述了我们对非编码区或ncRNA翻译机制以及发现隐藏编码信息方法的最新理解进展。此外，我们总结了UTR或ncRNA编码的小肽/蛋白质在癌症中的生物学功能，并讨论了它们作为癌症诊断临床生物标志物和癌症治疗靶点的潜力。
