Centre for Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, UP, India.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2023;24(10):1265-1276. doi: 10.2174/1389201024666221121160822.
Antioxidant enzymes being an integral part of the defense mechanism have a crucial role in cellular metabolism, essential for healthy growth and living of the cells. The main function is to scavenge and degrade the free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Endogenous antioxidant enzymes present in mitochondria, cytosol, and other cellular parts participate in capturing and repairing the oxidative damage to the system. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione are antioxidant enzymes considered to be part of the first line of defense and are especially important in scavenging reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Numerous studies in humans, as well as animal models, are correlated and reported about elevation in the enzymatic activity being involved in inhibiting oxidative damage and controlling the disease progression. Similarly, alterations due to enzymatic damage increase oxidative damage and have a key role in disease progression in diseases like cancer, atherosclerotic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, viral diseases, age-related ailments, etc. However, information about antioxidant enzymes, their specificity, free radicals involved in different diseases, and the oxidation process needs to be explored to a greater extent. This review focuses on our current understanding of the role of free radicals and the potential of various antioxidant enzymes, and their great scope in therapeutics against many dreadful diseases.
抗氧化酶作为防御机制的一个组成部分，在细胞代谢中起着至关重要的作用，对细胞的健康生长和生存至关重要。其主要功能是清除和降解自由基、活性氧（ROS）和活性氮（RNS）。存在于线粒体、细胞质和其他细胞部分的内源性抗氧化酶参与捕获和修复系统的氧化损伤。超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽被认为是第一道防线的一部分的抗氧化酶，在清除超氧阴离子和过氧化氢等活性氧方面尤为重要。大量在人类和动物模型中的研究表明，酶活性的升高与抑制氧化损伤和控制疾病进展有关。同样，由于酶损伤引起的改变会增加氧化损伤，并在癌症、动脉粥样硬化疾病、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病、病毒性疾病、与年龄相关的疾病等疾病的进展中起关键作用。然而，关于抗氧化酶、它们的特异性、不同疾病中涉及的自由基以及氧化过程的信息需要更深入地研究。这篇综述重点介绍了我们目前对抗氧化剂在自由基中的作用及其在治疗多种可怕疾病中的巨大潜力的理解。
