Theoretical Models, Preparation, Characterization and Applications of Cyanine J-Aggregates: A Minireview.

Cyanines are one of the few kinds of molecules whose absorbance and emission can be shifted in a broad spectral range from the ultraviolet to the near infrared. They can easily transform into J-aggregates with narrow absorption and emission peaks, along with a redshift in their spectra. This mini-review presents cyanine dyes and their J-aggregates and discusses their structure and spectral properties that illustrate their specificities. We summarize the theoretical and experimental state of the art on cyanine J-aggregates and their applications, also laying the groundwork for cyanine J-aggregates synthesis and characterization methods.