Institute of Sociology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
The Łukasiewicz Research Network Institute of Organisation and Management in Industry, 00-879 Warszawa, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Nov 8;19(22):14655. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192214655.
This study focuses on factors that shape vaccine attitudes and behaviours in the context of a low-trust society. Our analysis focuses on the Polish vaccination programme against COVID-19, primarily on (1) the evaluation of the information campaign, (2) trust in the institutions, (3) trust in other people, (4) attitudes toward vaccine safety and efficacy, (5) attitudes toward restrictions related to vaccination (e.g., restricted access to certain services for unvaccinated persons) and the introduction of mandatory vaccination, (6) the evaluation of the government's actions during the pandemic, and (7) political preferences. The study was conducted with a sample of 1143 adult residents in Poland (CATI). The explanation of the factors determining the COVID-19 vaccine was based on structural equation modelling (SEM). The model showed that the declared fact of vaccination was largely determined by a positive attitude toward restrictions related to vaccination and trust in vaccines. The formation of the provaccine attitude was to an extent determined by the assessment of the government's campaign and actions during pandemic. While institutional trust had a positive effect on support for the ruling coalition (0.56), the latter on its own had the opposite effect (-0.61) on the formation of provaccine attitude. In the group who both trust institutions and support the parties currently in power, there are more of those who simultaneously reject the restrictions and mandatory vaccination and remain sceptical about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines than those who both trust in the vaccine safety and efficacy and accept the restrictions and mandatory vaccination. This indicates that in the context of strong political polarisation, ideological affiliations may play a greater role in shaping vaccine attitudes and behaviours than institutional trust.
本研究聚焦于在低信任社会背景下影响疫苗态度和行为的因素。我们的分析主要集中在波兰 COVID-19 疫苗接种计划上，包括：（1）信息宣传活动的评估；（2）对机构的信任；（3）对他人的信任；（4）对疫苗安全性和有效性的态度；（5）对与疫苗接种相关的限制（例如，未接种者限制进入某些服务场所）和强制接种的态度；（6）对政府在大流行期间行动的评估；（7）政治偏好。该研究采用了波兰 1143 名成年居民的样本（CATI）。使用结构方程模型（SEM）来解释决定 COVID-19 疫苗接种的因素。模型表明，接种疫苗的声明在很大程度上取决于对与疫苗接种相关的限制和对疫苗的信任的积极态度。赞成疫苗接种的态度的形成在一定程度上取决于对政府在大流行期间的宣传和行动的评估。虽然机构信任对支持执政联盟有积极影响（0.56），但后者本身对赞成疫苗接种的态度的形成有相反的影响（-0.61）。在既信任机构又支持当前执政党的群体中，同时拒绝限制和强制接种并对 COVID-19 疫苗的安全性和有效性持怀疑态度的人比那些同时信任疫苗安全性和有效性并接受限制和强制接种的人更多。这表明，在政治两极化强烈的情况下，意识形态可能比机构信任在塑造疫苗态度和行为方面发挥更大的作用。
