鼻用疫苗：应对呼吸道传染病的解决方案。
Nasal vaccines: solutions for respiratory infectious diseases.
作者信息
Nakahashi-Ouchida Rika, Fujihashi Kohtaro, Kurashima Yosuke, Yuki Yoshikazu, Kiyono Hiroshi
机构信息
Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Future Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development Synergy Institute, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Future Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development Synergy Institute, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
出版信息
Trends Mol Med. 2023 Feb;29(2):124-140. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.10.009. Epub 2022 Nov 23.
Nasal vaccines induce pathogen-specific dual protective immunity at mucosal surfaces and systemically throughout the body. Consequently, nasal vaccines both prevent pathogen invasion and reduce disease severity. Because of these features, nasal vaccines are considered to be a next-generation tool for preventing respiratory infectious diseases, including COVID-19. However, nasal vaccines must overcome key safety concerns given the anatomic proximity of the central nervous system (CNS) via the olfactory bulbs which lie next to the nasal cavity. This review summarizes current efforts to develop safe and effective nasal vaccines and delivery systems, as well as their clinical applications for the prevention of respiratory infections. We also discuss various concerns regarding the safety of nasal vaccines and introduce a system for evaluating them.
鼻用疫苗可在黏膜表面及全身诱导病原体特异性双重保护性免疫。因此，鼻用疫苗既能预防病原体入侵，又能减轻疾病严重程度。鉴于这些特性，鼻用疫苗被视为预防包括新冠病毒病在内的呼吸道传染病的下一代工具。然而，鉴于中枢神经系统（CNS）通过紧邻鼻腔的嗅球与鼻腔在解剖学上相邻，鼻用疫苗必须克服关键的安全问题。本综述总结了目前开发安全有效鼻用疫苗及递送系统的努力，以及它们在预防呼吸道感染方面的临床应用。我们还讨论了有关鼻用疫苗安全性的各种问题，并介绍了一种评估它们的系统。
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