Jayedi Ahmad, Ge Long, Johnston Bradly C, Shahinfar Hossein, Safabakhsh Maryam, Mohamadpur Saba, Ghorbaninejad Parivash, Abyadeh Morteza, Zeraattalab-Motlagh Sheida, Soltani Sepideh, Jibril Aliyu Tijani, Shab-Bidar Sakineh
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-Dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
Eur J Nutr. 2023 Apr;62(3):1153-1164. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-03046-z. Epub 2022 Nov 28.
This study aimed at quantifying and ranking the effects of different foods or food groups on weight loss.
We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase to April 2021. We included randomized trials evaluating the comparative effects of two or more food groups, or compared a food group against a control group (usual diet, no intervention) for weight loss in adults. We conducted random-effects network meta-analysis with Bayesian framework to estimate mean difference [MD] and 95% credible interval [CrI] of the effect of food groups on weight loss.
152 RCTs with 9669 participants were eligible. Increased consumption of fish (MD - 0.85 kg, 95% CrI - 1.66, - 0.02; GRADE = low), whole grains (MD - 0.44 kg, 95% CrI - 0.88, 0.0; GRADE = very low), and nuts (MD - 0.37 kg, 95% CI - 0.72, - 0.01; GRADE = low) demonstrated trivial weight loss, well below minimal clinically important threshold (3.9 kg), when compared with the control group. Interventions with other food groups led to no weight loss when compared with either the control group or other food groups. The certainty of the evidence was rated low to very low with the point estimates for all comparisons less than 1 kg. None of the food groups showed an important reduction in body weight when restricted to studies conducted in participants with overweight or obesity.
Interventions with a single food or food group resulted in no or trivial weight loss, especially in individuals with overweight or obesity. Further trials on single foods or food groups for weight loss should be highly discouraged.
本研究旨在量化并排序不同食物或食物组对体重减轻的影响。
我们检索了截至2021年4月的PubMed、Scopus、Cochrane对照试验中央注册库和Embase。我们纳入了评估两种或更多食物组的比较效果，或比较食物组与对照组（常规饮食，无干预）对成人体重减轻影响的随机试验。我们采用贝叶斯框架进行随机效应网络荟萃分析，以估计食物组对体重减轻影响的平均差值[MD]和95%可信区间[CrI]。
152项随机对照试验，共9669名参与者符合条件。与对照组相比，增加鱼类（MD -0.85千克，95% CrI -1.66，-0.02；证据等级=低）、全谷物（MD -0.44千克，95% CrI -0.88，0.0；证据等级=极低）和坚果（MD -0.37千克，95% CI -0.72，-0.01；证据等级=低）的摄入量显示出轻微的体重减轻，远低于最小临床重要阈值（3.9千克）。与对照组或其他食物组相比，其他食物组的干预未导致体重减轻。所有比较的点估计值均小于1千克，证据的确定性被评为低至极低。在超重或肥胖参与者中进行的研究中，没有一个食物组显示出体重的显著下降。
单一食物或食物组的干预导致体重没有减轻或仅有轻微减轻，尤其是在超重或肥胖个体中。应强烈不鼓励进一步开展关于单一食物或食物组减肥的试验。
