Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology PhD. Program, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, 1627 Hall Street Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Sciences, School of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana.
Arch Microbiol. 2022 Nov 28;205(1):5. doi: 10.1007/s00203-022-03342-6.
The relationship between human health and gut microbiota is becoming more apparent. It is now widely believed that healthy gut flora plays a vital role in the overall well-being of the individual. There are spatial and temporal variations in the distribution of microbes from the esophagus to the rectum throughout an individual's lifetime. Through the development of genome sequencing technologies, scientists have been able to study the interactions between different microorganisms and their hosts to improve the health and disease of individuals. The normal gut microbiota provides various functions to the host, whereas the host, in turn, provides nutrients and promotes the development of healthy and resilient microbiota communities. Thus, the microbiota provides and maintains the gut's structural integrity and protects the gut against pathogens. The development of the normal gut microbiota is influenced by various factors. Some of these include the mode of delivery, diet, and antibiotics. In addition, the environment can also affect the development of the gut microbiota. For example, one of the main concerns of antibiotic use is the alteration of the gut microbiota, which could lead to the development of multidrug-resistant organisms. When microbes are disturbed, it can potentially lead to various diseases. Depending on the species' ability to adapt to the human body's environment, the fate of the microbes in the host and their relationship with the human body are decided. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of microbe, microbes-host immune interactions, and factors that can disturb their interactions.
人类健康与肠道微生物群的关系变得越来越明显。现在人们普遍认为，健康的肠道菌群对个体的整体健康起着至关重要的作用。在个体的一生中，从食管到直肠的微生物分布存在时空变化。通过发展基因组测序技术，科学家们能够研究不同微生物及其宿主之间的相互作用，以改善个体的健康和疾病状况。正常的肠道微生物群为宿主提供各种功能，而宿主则为微生物提供营养并促进健康和有弹性的微生物群落的发展。因此，微生物群提供并维持肠道的结构完整性，并保护肠道免受病原体的侵害。正常肠道微生物群的发展受到多种因素的影响。其中一些因素包括分娩方式、饮食和抗生素。此外，环境也会影响肠道微生物群的发展。例如，抗生素使用的主要关注点之一是肠道微生物群的改变，这可能导致多药耐药生物的产生。当微生物受到干扰时，可能会导致各种疾病。根据微生物适应人体环境的能力，决定了微生物在宿主中的命运及其与人体的关系。本综述旨在对微生物、微生物-宿主免疫相互作用以及可能干扰其相互作用的因素进行全面分析。
