Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan S. Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jul;50(7):720-6. doi: 10.1007/s00535-015-1082-z. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
The human gut harbors a huge number of microbes, which are collectively named "microbiota." The dynamic composition of the human gut microbiota is determined by multiple factors, including mode of delivery, diet, environment, and antibiotics. A healthy gut microbiota is helpful to the host in many aspects, including providing nutrients, protection from pathogens, and maturation of immune responses. Dysbiosis plays important roles in various diseases in infancy and later life: necrotizing enterocolitis, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and atopic diseases are some examples. Studies of functional metagenomics by newly developed techniques, such as next-generation sequencing, will not only elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-host interactions but will also provide new possibilities for disease prevention and treatment.
人类肠道中栖息着大量的微生物，这些微生物统称为“肠道微生物群”。人类肠道微生物群的动态组成由多种因素决定，包括分娩方式、饮食、环境和抗生素。健康的肠道微生物群在许多方面对宿主有益，包括提供营养、防止病原体侵袭和成熟免疫反应。肠道微生态失调在婴儿期和以后的生命中的各种疾病中起着重要作用：坏死性小肠结肠炎、炎症性肠病、肥胖和特应性疾病就是一些例子。通过新兴技术（如下一代测序）进行的功能宏基因组学研究不仅将阐明肠道微生物群与宿主相互作用的分子机制，还将为疾病预防和治疗提供新的可能性。
