The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315000, China.
Cell Biochem Biophys. 2023 Mar;81(1):1-5. doi: 10.1007/s12013-022-01120-1. Epub 2022 Nov 28.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous spheroid organelles secreted by various cells during their development. Previous studies have proved that the elimination of metabolic waste products from the cells is one of the key biological functions of EVs. Besides, recent studies suggest that EVs also promote intercellular information transmission thus further regulating the external environment of cells, especially during the development of cancer. Different EVs are produced by tumor cells and tumor-related cells during the development of tumors. Based on their sources and contents, different EVs may promote the proliferation of tumor cells, interfere with the function of immune cells, or destroy normal tissue barriers. As a landmark component in the occurrence and development of tumors, EVs can be used to solve the biological behaviors that hinder tumor treatment, such as drug resistance and immune escape. Oral cancer is a highly prevalent cancer type in clinic and current therapies often fail to effectively inhibit its deterioration. Based on their essential roles in cancer development, EVs therefore possess great potential to be a target for oral cancer treatment. In this review, we focused on the origin and classification of vesicles in oral cancer tissues around the tumor microenvironment, described their biological functions, and discussed their potential for cancer treatment in combination with existing research methods. In addition, we highlighted the current challenges and recommendations of EVs for the treatment of oral cancer in clinic.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 是各种细胞在发育过程中分泌的膜状球形细胞器。先前的研究已经证明，EVs 的一个关键生物学功能是清除细胞内的代谢废物。此外，最近的研究表明，EVs 还可以促进细胞间的信息传递，从而进一步调节细胞的外部环境，特别是在癌症的发展过程中。在肿瘤的发展过程中，肿瘤细胞和肿瘤相关细胞会产生不同的 EVs。根据它们的来源和内容，不同的 EVs 可能会促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、干扰免疫细胞的功能，或破坏正常的组织屏障。作为肿瘤发生和发展的标志性成分，EVs 可以用于解决阻碍肿瘤治疗的生物学行为，如耐药性和免疫逃逸。口腔癌是临床上一种高发的癌症类型，目前的治疗方法往往无法有效抑制其恶化。鉴于 EVs 在癌症发展中的重要作用，它们很有可能成为口腔癌治疗的一个靶点。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注了肿瘤微环境中口腔癌组织中囊泡的起源和分类，描述了它们的生物学功能，并结合现有研究方法讨论了它们在癌症治疗中的潜力。此外，我们还强调了 EVs 在临床上治疗口腔癌所面临的挑战和建议。
