Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Central Region, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Nurs Open. 2023 Apr;10(4):2426-2438. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1498. Epub 2022 Nov 30.
We sought to investigate knowledge and skills of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management among young people living with the disease and their caregivers. Our aim is to provide baseline evidence to inform T1D self-management education for young people living with the disease and their caregivers.
Both local and international guidelines recommend ongoing T1D self-management education for people living with the disease. This is because T1D often develops among young people who rarely have the competencies to adequately manage their condition. However, the extent to which young people living with T1D and their caregivers can self-manage this chronic disease in a low-resource country like Ghana is unknown.
Using a phenomenological study design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 young people living with type 1 diabetes, 12 caregivers and 6 healthcare providers in southern Ghana. Data were collected at homes, hospitals and support group centres of participants via face-to-face interviews, photovoice and video-conferencing. The data were analysed thematically using QSR NVivo 11.
The young people living with T1D and their caregivers demonstrated knowledge and skills in the self-monitoring of blood glucose, and the treatment of hyperglycaemia. Areas of more marginal or lack of knowledge were concerning carbohydrate counting, severe hypoglycaemia and the management of intercurrent illnesses. Young persons living with T1D and their caregivers received their management information from healthcare and non-healthcare providers. Access to diabetes self-management education influenced T1D management knowledge and practices.
Young people living with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers possessed limited scope of knowledge on type 1 diabetes self-management. Multiple sources of T1D knowledge were found, some of which may not be helpful to patients. The knowledge gaps identified compromises transitional independence and self-management capacity.
It is important for clinicians and organizations that provide T1D education to provide diabetes self-management education also on managing hypoglycaemia, carbohydrate counting and managing T1D during intercurrent life events among young people living with T1D.
Patients and their caregivers were interviewed as research participants. They did not conceptualize, analyse, interpret or prepare the manuscript.
我们旨在调查患有 1 型糖尿病的年轻人及其照顾者的糖尿病管理知识和技能。我们的目的是提供基线证据，为患有 1 型糖尿病的年轻人及其照顾者提供糖尿病自我管理教育。
当地和国际指南都建议对患有糖尿病的人进行持续的糖尿病自我管理教育。这是因为 1 型糖尿病通常在年轻人中发展，他们很少有足够的能力来充分管理自己的病情。然而，在像加纳这样的资源匮乏的国家，患有 1 型糖尿病的年轻人及其照顾者在多大程度上能够自我管理这种慢性疾病尚不清楚。
使用现象学研究设计，对加纳南部的 28 名患有 1 型糖尿病的年轻人、12 名照顾者和 6 名医疗保健提供者进行了半结构化访谈。通过面对面访谈、照片访谈和视频会议，在参与者的家中、医院和支持小组中心收集数据。使用 QSR NVivo 11 对数据进行主题分析。
患有 1 型糖尿病的年轻人及其照顾者在自我监测血糖和治疗高血糖方面表现出知识和技能。在计算碳水化合物、严重低血糖和管理并发疾病方面，知识较为薄弱或缺乏。患有 1 型糖尿病的年轻人及其照顾者从医疗保健和非医疗保健提供者那里获得管理信息。获得糖尿病自我管理教育会影响 1 型糖尿病管理知识和实践。
患有 1 型糖尿病的年轻人及其照顾者对 1 型糖尿病自我管理的知识范围有限。发现了多种来源的 1 型糖尿病知识，其中一些可能对患者没有帮助。确定的知识差距会影响过渡独立性和自我管理能力。
为了提供糖尿病自我管理教育，临床医生和组织应该重视对患有 1 型糖尿病的年轻人提供低血糖、碳水化合物计数和在日常生活事件中管理 1 型糖尿病的教育。
对患者及其照顾者进行了采访，作为研究参与者。他们没有构思、分析、解释或编写稿件。
