Altered expression of SOCS genes periodontitis.

Suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) family comprises a group of proteins that impede JAK/STAT signalling, thus being involved in the pathogenesis of immune-related conditions. In the present work, we aimed at identification of the role of SOCS genes in the pathogenesis of periodontitis through evaluation of their expression levels both in the circulation and in the affected tissues of patients. Thus, we measured expression levels of SOCS1-3 and SOCS5 transcripts in the blood and gingival samples of patients with periodontitis in comparison with control samples obtained during dental crown lengthening. Expressions of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3 and SOCS5 genes were similar between gingival tissues of patients and controls. However, our results demonstrated under-expression of SOCS1 in blood samples of patients compared with controls (Ratio of mean expression (RME) = 0.47, P value = 0.04). The same pattern was observed among female subjects (RME = 0.38, P value = 0.04). SOCS2 was down-regulated in blood samples of female patients compared with female controls (RME = 0.22, P value = 0.04). SOCS3 was also under-expressed in the circulation of total cases versus total controls (RME = 0.29, P value = 0.02) and in female patients compared with female controls (RME = 0.19, P value = 0.04). Expression of SOCS5 was not different between blood samples two study groups. SOCS2 had the best function in separation of affected tissues from unaffected ones (AUC = 0.66, sensitivity = 0.39, specificity = 0.83). SOCS3 was superior to other transcripts in differentiation of blood samples of patients from normal blood samples (AUC = 0.69, sensitivity = 0.81, specificity = 0.68). Combination of transcript levels of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3 and SOCS5 genes enhanced the AUC values to 0.64 and 0.67 in tissue and blood specimens, respectively. Taken together, certain SOCS genes have been found to be dysregulated in the circulation of patients with periodontitis.