Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
Department of Human Sciences and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Gut Microbes. 2022 Jan-Dec;14(1):2150502. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2150502.
Low-resource individuals are at increased risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD), partially attributable to poor dietary patterns and dysfunctional microbiota. Dietary patterns in childhood play critical roles in physiological development and are shaped by caregivers, making caregiver-child dyads attractive targets for dietary interventions to reduce metabolic disease risk. Herein, we targeted low-resource caregiver-child dyads for a 10-week, randomized, controlled, multifaceted lifestyle intervention including: nutrition and physical activity education, produce harvesting, cooking demonstrations, nutrition counseling, and kinetic activites; to evaluate its effects on dietary patterns, CVD risk factors, and microbiome composition. Subjects in the lifestyle intervention group improved total diet quality, increased whole grain intake, decreased energy intake, and enhanced fecal elimination of the microbe-derived metabolite lithocholic acid (LCA) in contrast to control subjects. Microbiomes were highly personalized, similar within dyads, and altered by lifestyle intervention. Differential modeling of microbiome composition identified taxa associated with total diet quality, whole grain intake, and LCA elimination including recognized fiber-degrading bacteria such as , and bile acid metabolizing organisms like . Inclusion of taxa identified in diet and metabolite modeling within blood pressure models improved prediction accuracy of microbiome-blood pressure associations. Importantly, microbiota-blood pressure relationships were shared between dyads, implying shared host-microbiota responses to lifestyle intervention. Overall, these outcomes provide insight into mechanisms by which dietary interventions impact the gut-cardiovascular axis to reduce future CVD risk. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05367674.
资源匮乏个体患肥胖症和心血管疾病 (CVD) 的风险增加，部分原因是饮食模式不良和微生物群落功能障碍。儿童时期的饮食模式在生理发育中起着关键作用，并受照顾者的影响，这使得照顾者-儿童对饮食干预以降低代谢疾病风险的目标具有吸引力。在此，我们针对资源匮乏的照顾者-儿童对进行了为期 10 周的随机对照、多方面的生活方式干预，包括：营养和体育活动教育、农产品收获、烹饪示范、营养咨询和体育活动；以评估其对饮食模式、CVD 风险因素和微生物组组成的影响。与对照组相比，生活方式干预组的受试者改善了总体饮食质量，增加了全谷物摄入量，减少了能量摄入，并增强了微生物衍生代谢物石胆酸 (LCA) 的粪便排泄。微生物组高度个性化，在对中相似，并通过生活方式干预改变。对微生物组组成的差异建模确定了与总饮食质量、全谷物摄入量和 LCA 消除相关的分类群，包括公认的纤维降解细菌，如 和胆汁酸代谢生物，如 。将饮食和代谢物建模中鉴定的分类群纳入血压模型中，提高了微生物组与血压关联的预测准确性。重要的是，对间的微生物组-血压关系是共享的，这意味着对生活方式干预的宿主-微生物组反应是共享的。总体而言，这些结果提供了关于饮食干预如何通过影响肠道-心血管轴来降低未来 CVD 风险的机制的见解。在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册：NCT05367674。
