Tuñón-Domínguez Isabel, Cuesta-Gómez Alicia, Molina-Rueda Francisco, Juárez-Vela Raúl, Ruiz de Viñaspre-Hernández Regina, Santolalla-Arnedo Iván, Sánchez-González Juan Luis, Carratalá-Tejada María
Hospital Beata María Ana, Madrid, Spain.
Motion Analysis, Ergonomics, Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM), Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain.
Front Pediatr. 2022 Nov 15;10:883218. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.883218. eCollection 2022.
The central nervous system (CNS) of preterm infants might have some peculiarities which distinguish it from that of full term infants. The difficulties associated with prematurity are the main cause of deaths all over the world during the new-born period after community-acquired pneumonia, and the second cause of deaths worldwide in children under five years old. Early recognition of signs indicating fragile postural control in premature infants can support understanding and help prevent and early intervention on possible future neuromotor dysfunctions in these subjects. The purpose of this paper is to determine if there is a qualitatively different development of postural control in premature infants without neurological involvement and infants born at term. We conducted a systematic review of longitudinal and cross-sectional case-control studies published between 2010 and March 2020 on this topic. The evaluation of parameters related to postural control was also included. The methodological quality of the selected works was evaluated using the CASPe critical reading programme for cases and controls. PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed for prematurity and postural control. 16 articles were included. The total sample amounted to 3,460 participants, of which 1,860 in the preterm group, and 1,600 in the control group. All the studies found show a poorer postural control by the group of children born preterm compared to the group of children born at term and one study indicating more limited postural control with higher prematurity. Regarding the methodological quality according to CASPe, those studies exceeding half of the total score were considered of adequate quality.
早产儿的中枢神经系统（CNS）可能具有一些使其有别于足月儿中枢神经系统的特点。与早产相关的困难是全球新生儿期继社区获得性肺炎之后的主要死亡原因，也是全世界五岁以下儿童死亡的第二大原因。早期识别表明早产儿姿势控制脆弱的体征有助于理解并预防这些儿童未来可能出现的神经运动功能障碍，并进行早期干预。本文的目的是确定无神经功能受累的早产儿与足月儿在姿势控制方面是否存在质的不同发展。我们对2010年至2020年3月间发表的关于该主题的纵向和横断面病例对照研究进行了系统综述。其中还包括对与姿势控制相关参数的评估。使用针对病例和对照者的CASPe批判性阅读程序对所选研究的方法学质量进行评估。关于早产和姿势控制，遵循系统综述的PRISMA指南。纳入了16篇文章。总样本量为3460名参与者，其中早产组1860名，对照组1600名。所有纳入的研究均表明，与足月儿组相比，早产组儿童的姿势控制较差，且有一项研究表明，早产程度越高，姿势控制越受限。根据CASPe评估方法学质量，得分超过总分一半的研究被认为质量合格。
