Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Post-Graduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Nutrients. 2022 Jun 8;14(12):2384. doi: 10.3390/nu14122384.
Ketogenic Diet is a nutritional pattern often used as dietotherapy in inflammatory diseases, including neurological disorders. Applied on epileptic children since 1920, in recent years it has been taken into account again as a tool to both reduce inflammatory burdens and ameliorate the nutritional status of patients affected by different pathologies. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an immune-mediated neuro-inflammatory disease and diet is a possible factor in its pathogenesis. The aim of this work is to investigate the main potential targets of MS-related impairments, in particular the cognitive deficits, focusing on the alteration of biomarkers such as the Brain Derived-Neurotrophic Factor and the Tryptophan/Kynurenine ratio that could play a role on neuroprotection and thus on MS progression. Furthermore, we here propose nutritional suggestions which are useful in the development of a ketogenic diet protocol that takes advantage of the anti-inflammatory properties of low-carbohydrate foods from the Mediterranean diet to be applied to subjects with MS. In conclusion, this approach will allow one to develop the ketogenic diet combined with a modified Mediterranean diet as a possible tool to improve neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis.
生酮饮食是一种营养模式，常用于炎症性疾病的饮食治疗，包括神经紊乱。自 1920 年以来，生酮饮食被应用于癫痫儿童，近年来，它再次被认为是一种降低炎症负担和改善受不同疾病影响的患者营养状况的工具。多发性硬化症（MS）被认为是一种免疫介导的神经炎症性疾病，饮食是其发病机制中的一个可能因素。本工作旨在研究 MS 相关损伤的主要潜在靶点，特别是认知缺陷，重点关注脑源性神经营养因子和色氨酸/犬尿氨酸比值等生物标志物的改变，这些标志物可能在神经保护中发挥作用，从而影响 MS 的进展。此外，我们在这里提出了一些营养建议，这些建议对于制定生酮饮食方案很有用，该方案利用了地中海饮食中低碳水化合物食物的抗炎特性，适用于多发性硬化症患者。总之，这种方法将有助于制定生酮饮食与改良地中海饮食相结合，作为改善多发性硬化症神经炎症的一种可能手段。
