Genome-edited zebrafish model of loss-of-function disease.

ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K)gain- (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) mutations underlie human neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) and hyperinsulinism (HI), respectively. While transgenic mice expressing incomplete K LOF do reiterate mild hyperinsulinism, K knockout animals do not exhibit persistent hyperinsulinism. We have shown that islet excitability and glucose homeostasis are regulated by identical K channels in zebrafish. SUR1 truncation mutation (K499X) was introduced into gene to explore the possibility of using zebrafish for modeling human HI. Patch-clamp analysis confirmed the complete absence of channel activity in β-cells from K499X (SUR1) fish. No difference in random blood glucose was detected in heterozygous SUR1+/- fish nor in homozygous SUR1 fish, mimicking findings in SUR1 knockout mice. Mutant fish did, however, demonstrate impaired glucose tolerance, similar to partial LOF mouse models. In paralleling features of mammalian diabetes and hyperinsulinism resulting from equivalent LOF mutations, these gene-edited animals provide valid zebrafish models of K -dependent pancreatic diseases.