School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2022 Dec 2;8(12):e40042. doi: 10.2196/40042.
Major sports events are the focus of the world. However, the gathering of crowds during these events creates huge risks of infectious diseases transmission, posing a significant public health threat.
The aim of this study was to systematically review the epidemiological characteristics and prevention measures of infectious diseases at major sports events.
The procedure of this scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's five-step methodological framework. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, were searched systematically. The general information (ie, publication year, study type) of each study, sports events' features (ie, date and host location), infectious diseases' epidemiological characteristics (ie, epidemics, risk factors), prevention measures, and surveillance paradigm were extracted, categorized, and summarized.
A total of 24,460 articles were retrieved from the databases and 358 studies were included in the final data synthesis based on selection criteria. A rapid growth of studies was found over recent years. The number of studies investigating epidemics and risk factors for sports events increased from 16/254 (6.3%) before 2000 to 201/254 (79.1%) after 2010. Studies focusing on prevention measures of infectious diseases accounted for 85.0% (238/280) of the articles published after 2010. A variety of infectious diseases have been reported, including respiratory tract infection, gastrointestinal infection, vector-borne infection, blood-borne infection, and water-contact infection. Among them, respiratory tract infections were the most concerning diseases (250/358, 69.8%). Besides some routine prevention measures targeted at risk factors of different diseases, strengthening surveillance was highlighted in the literature. The surveillance system appeared to have gone through three stages of development, including manual archiving, network-based systems, and automated intelligent platforms.
This critical summary and collation of previous empirical evidence is meaningful to provide references for holding major sports events. It is essential to improve the surveillance techniques for timely detection of the emergence of epidemics and to improve risk perception in future practice.
重大体育赛事是全球关注的焦点。然而，这些活动期间人群聚集会带来传染病传播的巨大风险，对公共卫生构成重大威胁。
本研究旨在系统综述重大体育赛事中传染病的流行病学特征和预防措施。
本范围综述按照 Arksey 和 O'Malley 的五步方法学框架进行。系统检索了 PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus 和 Embase 等电子数据库。提取并分类总结了每项研究的一般信息（即发表年份、研究类型）、体育赛事特征（即日期和主办地点）、传染病的流行病学特征（即疫情、危险因素）、预防措施和监测模式。
从数据库中检索到 24460 篇文章，根据选择标准纳入了 358 项最终数据综合研究。近年来，研究数量呈快速增长趋势。2000 年以前，调查体育赛事疫情和危险因素的研究数量为 16/254（6.3%），而 2010 年以后则增加到 201/254（79.1%）。2010 年以后发表的文章中，有 85.0%（238/280）侧重于传染病预防措施的研究。已报告了多种传染病，包括呼吸道感染、胃肠道感染、虫媒传染病、血源传染病和水接触传染病。其中，呼吸道感染是最受关注的疾病（250/358，69.8%）。除了针对不同疾病危险因素的一些常规预防措施外，文献中还强调了加强监测。监测系统似乎经历了三个发展阶段，包括手动存档、基于网络的系统和自动化智能平台。
对以往经验证据的批判性总结和整理，对举办重大体育赛事具有重要意义，可为其提供参考。提高监测技术以实时发现疫情并在未来实践中提高风险感知至关重要。
