Ait Hamdan Youssef, El Amerany Fatima, Desbrières Jacques, Aghrinane Abdessadek, Oudadesse Hassane, Rhazi Mohammed
Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Higher Normal School, Department of Biology, Cadi Ayyad University, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco.
Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
Polym Bull (Berl). 2022 Nov 21:1-27. doi: 10.1007/s00289-022-04579-3.
In 2020, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a new viral respiratory disease caused by a virus that belongs to family, has been identified. It is a very severe flu that negatively affects the functions of the lung and other respiratory organs. COVID-19 virus can be transmitted between people either by touching an infected person or by direct contact with their respiratory droplets. Therefore, the COVID-19 virus has become a global concern due to its rapid spread and severity. Based on the World Health Organization report from 2 March 2020 to 24 October 2022, the total infected cases and deaths in Morocco are around 1,265,389 (3.46%) and 16,280 (0.04%), respectively. Recently, some scientists have found that chitosan, a polymer existed in nature, can inhibit COVID-19 infection and repair damaged tissue. Therefore, understanding chitosan mechanisms in controlling COVID-19, might lead to innovative strategies in the medical field, such as developing drugs against SARS-CoV-2, and replacing vaccines, which have negative side effects. This review aims to show the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, specifically in Morocco, its pathophysiology, and its ability to silence the immune system. This review also provides an overview of the treatments and measures applied to protect human beings and how chitosan acts and controls COVID-19.
2020年，人们发现了一种新型病毒性呼吸道疾病——冠状病毒病（COVID-19），它由一种属于冠状病毒科的病毒引起。这是一种非常严重的流感，会对肺部和其他呼吸器官的功能产生负面影响。COVID-19病毒可通过接触感染者或直接接触其呼吸道飞沫在人与人之间传播。因此，COVID-19病毒因其快速传播和严重性已成为全球关注的问题。根据世界卫生组织2020年3月2日至2022年10月24日的报告，摩洛哥的总感染病例和死亡人数分别约为1265389例（3.46%）和16280例（0.04%）。最近，一些科学家发现，壳聚糖这种天然存在的聚合物可以抑制COVID-19感染并修复受损组织。因此，了解壳聚糖控制COVID-19的机制，可能会带来医学领域的创新策略，比如研发抗SARS-CoV-2的药物，以及替代有副作用的疫苗。本综述旨在展示COVID-19大流行在全球范围内，特别是在摩洛哥的演变情况、其病理生理学以及它使免疫系统沉默的能力。本综述还概述了为保护人类而采取的治疗方法和措施，以及壳聚糖如何作用和控制COVID-19。
