Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023 Jun;21(6):396-407. doi: 10.1038/s41579-022-00825-7. Epub 2022 Dec 6.
Alphaviruses are arthropod-transmitted RNA viruses that cause epidemics of human infection and disease on a global scale. These viruses are classified as either arthritogenic or encephalitic based on their genetic relatedness and the clinical syndromes they cause. Although there are currently no approved therapeutics or vaccines against alphaviruses, passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies confers protection in animal models. This Review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the host factors required for alphavirus entry, the mechanisms of action by which protective antibodies inhibit different steps in the alphavirus infection cycle and candidate alphavirus vaccines currently under clinical evaluation that focus on humoral immunity. A comprehensive understanding of alphavirus entry and antibody-mediated protection may inform the development of new classes of countermeasures for these emerging viruses.
甲病毒是节肢动物传播的 RNA 病毒，可在全球范围内引起人类感染和疾病的流行。这些病毒根据其遗传关系和引起的临床综合征分为关节炎型或脑炎型。尽管目前尚无针对甲病毒的批准疗法或疫苗，但单克隆抗体的被动转移可在动物模型中提供保护。本综述强调了我们对甲病毒进入宿主所需的宿主因素以及保护性抗体抑制甲病毒感染周期不同步骤的作用机制的最新理解方面的最新进展，以及当前正在临床评估的专注于体液免疫的候选甲病毒疫苗。对甲病毒进入和抗体介导的保护的全面了解可能为这些新兴病毒的新对策的开发提供信息。
