Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Front Immunol. 2022 Nov 21;13:1049340. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049340. eCollection 2022.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors, originally discovered to stimulate innate immune reactions against microbial infection. TLRs also play essential roles in bridging the innate and adaptive immune system, playing multiple roles in inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Thanks to the immune stimulatory potential of TLRs, TLR-targeted strategies in cancer treatment have proved to be able to regulate the tumor microenvironment towards tumoricidal phenotypes. Quantities of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials using TLR-targeted strategies in treating cancer have been initiated, with some drugs already becoming part of standard care. Here we review the structure, ligand, signaling pathways, and expression of TLRs; we then provide an overview of the pre-clinical studies and an updated clinical trial watch targeting each TLR in cancer treatment; and finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of TLR-targeted therapy.
toll 样受体（TLRs）是模式识别受体，最初发现它们能刺激针对微生物感染的固有免疫反应。TLRs 在连接固有免疫和适应性免疫系统方面也发挥着重要作用，在炎症、自身免疫性疾病和癌症中发挥着多种作用。由于 TLRs 具有免疫刺激潜力，癌症治疗中的 TLR 靶向策略已被证明能够调节肿瘤微环境向杀伤肿瘤表型转变。已经启动了大量使用 TLR 靶向策略治疗癌症的临床前研究和临床试验，一些药物已经成为标准治疗的一部分。在这里，我们综述了 TLR 的结构、配体、信号通路和表达；然后，我们概述了癌症治疗中针对每个 TLR 的临床前研究和更新的临床试验观察；最后，我们讨论了 TLR 靶向治疗的挑战和前景。
