Water's College of Health Professions, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA.
Department of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Nov 23;19(23):15516. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192315516.
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected our nation's health further than the infection it causes. Physical activity levels and dietary intake have suffered while individuals grapple with the changes in behavior to reduce viral transmission. With unique nuances regarding the access to physical activity and nutrition during the pandemic, the constructs of Health Belief Model (HBM) may present themselves differently in nutrition and exercise behaviors compared to precautions implemented to reduce viral transmission studied in previous research. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of exercise and nutritional behavior change during the COVID-19 pandemic and explain the reason for and extent of this change using HBM constructs (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefit of action, and barriers to action).
This study used a cross-sectional design to collect 206 surveys. This survey collected information on self-reported exercise and nutrition changes during the pandemic and self-reported levels of the HBM constructs.
Findings showed individuals with medium or high exercise behavior change had greater odds of increased HBM score than individuals with little to no exercise behavior change (OR = 1.117, 95% CI: 1.020-1.223, SE: 0.0464, = 0.0175). There was no association between nutritional behavior change and HBM score (OR = 1.011, 95% CI: 0.895-1.142, = 08646).
Individuals who reported a more drastic change in either exercise had greater odds of increased feelings of perceived susceptibility and severity related to COVID-19 and decreased perceived benefits and increased barriers to exercise. This relationship was not found regarding nutrition behavior change. These results encourage public health practitioners to understand how an individual's perceived feelings about a threat may affect exercise and nutritional behaviors.
COVID-19 大流行对我们国家的健康造成的影响不仅仅是它所导致的感染。在个人努力减少病毒传播的行为变化的同时，身体活动水平和饮食摄入受到了影响。由于在大流行期间获得身体活动和营养方面存在独特的细微差别，健康信念模型（HBM）的结构可能会在营养和运动行为方面与以前研究中为减少病毒传播而采取的预防措施表现出不同。本研究的目的是调查 COVID-19 大流行期间运动和营养行为改变的程度，并使用 HBM 结构（感知易感性、严重性、行动益处和行动障碍）来解释这种改变的原因和程度。
本研究采用横断面设计收集了 206 份调查问卷。该调查收集了有关大流行期间自我报告的运动和营养变化以及自我报告的 HBM 结构水平的信息。
研究结果表明，与运动行为变化很少或没有变化的个体相比，运动行为变化中等或较大的个体更有可能增加 HBM 评分（OR=1.117，95%CI：1.020-1.223，SE：0.0464，=0.0175）。营养行为变化与 HBM 评分之间没有关联（OR=1.011，95%CI：0.895-1.142，=08646）。
报告运动行为变化较大的个体更有可能增加对 COVID-19 的感知易感性和严重性的感觉，减少对运动的感知益处，并增加运动的障碍。这与营养行为变化无关。这些结果鼓励公共卫生从业者了解个人对威胁的感知感受如何影响运动和营养行为。
