School of Economics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330013, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Nov 24;19(23):15587. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192315587.
Agricultural scale operations and industrialization promote the transfer of the rural labor force to the industry sector, and the non-farm employment of farmers plays a great role in increasing their income and reducing poverty. It is of great significance to explore the non-farm employment of farmers for the governance of relative poverty and the achievement of common prosperity. The propensity score matching (PSM) and generalized propensity score matching (GPSM) were used to analyze the impact of rural land transfer on farm households' non-farm employment. According to the PSM estimation, compared to the farmers' land not transferred, the rural land transfer significantly increased the proportion of non-farm employment personnel in farm households and the months of per year non-farm employment per person. The total land transfer, paddy land transfer and dry land transfer could significantly increase the proportion of non-farm employment personnel in farm households by 0.074, 0.029 and 0.085 units, respectively, and could significantly increase the months of per year non-farm employment per person by 0.604, 0.394 and 0.617 units, respectively. According to the GPSM estimation, different types of rural land transfer areas have significant positive effects on the proportion of non-farm workers and the months of per year non-farm employment per person, and show an obvious increasing trend of returns to scale, that is, the proportion of non-farm workers and the months of per year non-farm employment per person of farmers are higher than the increase in rural land transfer area. Additionally, the return to scale effect of dry land transfer area is more obvious. In order to raise the income of farm households and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, the land transfer system can be further improved, urbanization with the county town as an important carrier can be vigorously promoted, the participation of farm households in non-farm employment in the local area can be promoted and the support policy system for non-farm employment of rural labor force can be improved.
农业规模经营和产业化促进了农村劳动力向工业部门转移，农民的非农就业对增加收入和减少贫困发挥了巨大作用。探讨农民非农就业对相对贫困治理和共同富裕的实现具有重要意义。采用倾向得分匹配（PSM）和广义倾向得分匹配（GPSM）分析了农村土地流转对农户非农就业的影响。PSM 估计结果表明，与农户土地未流转相比，农村土地流转显著提高了农户中非农就业人员的比例和人均每年非农就业月数。总土地流转、水田流转和旱地流转分别可以使农户中非农就业人员的比例提高 0.074、0.029 和 0.085 个单位，人均每年非农就业月数提高 0.604、0.394 和 0.617 个单位。GPSM 估计结果表明，不同类型的农村土地流转区对非农就业人员的比例和人均每年非农就业月数均有显著的正向影响，且呈现出明显的规模报酬递增趋势，即农户的非农就业人员比例和人均每年非农就业月数随着农村土地流转面积的增加而提高。旱地流转区的规模报酬递增效应更为明显。为提高农户收入，缩小城乡差距，可以进一步完善土地流转制度，大力推进以县城为重要载体的城镇化，促进农户在本地非农就业，完善农村劳动力非农就业支持政策体系。
