Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 5;19(23):16286. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192316286.
Few analytical or research works claim that the negative impact of improper use of ASEs may be comparable with that of hydrocarbons and sometimes even greater. It has become a common view that "green" energy (ASE) is clean, safe and environmentally friendly (eco-friendly) in contrast with "black" energy (hydrocarbons). We analyzed 144 works on systemic and/or comparative research of the modern and prospective ASE: biofuels, hydrogen, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power, solar power, geothermal power, oceanic thermal power, tidal power, wind wave power and nuclear fusion power. We performed our analysis within the Spaceship Earth paradigm. We conclude that there is no perfect ASE that is always eco-friendly. All ASEs may be dangerous to the planet considered as a closed and isolated unit ("spaceship") if they are used in an inconsistent manner. This is not in the least a reason to deny them as prospective sources of energy. Using all ASEs in different proportions in various regions of the planet, where their harm to the planet and humanity can be minimized and, on the contrary, their efficiency maximized, would give humanity the opportunity to decarbonize the Earth, and make the energy transition in the most effective way.
几乎没有分析或研究工作声称，ASE 的不当使用的负面影响可能与碳氢化合物相当，有时甚至更大。与“黑色”能源（碳氢化合物）相比，人们普遍认为“绿色”能源（ASE）是清洁、安全和环保的（生态友好的）。我们分析了 144 项关于现代和有前景的 ASE 的系统和/或比较研究：生物燃料、氢气、水力发电、核能、风力发电、太阳能、地热能、海洋热能、潮汐能、风浪能和核聚变能。我们在地球飞船范式内进行了分析。我们的结论是，没有一种完美的 ASE 总是环保的。如果以不一致的方式使用 ASE，所有 ASE 都可能对作为封闭和孤立单元（“飞船”）的地球造成危险。这绝不是否认它们作为有前途的能源的理由。在地球的不同地区以不同的比例使用所有 ASE，可以最大限度地减少它们对地球和人类的危害，同时最大限度地提高它们的效率，这将使人类有机会使地球脱碳，并以最有效的方式实现能源转型。
