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General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA.
Phys Rev Lett. 2022 Aug 12;129(7):075001. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.075001.
For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37 MJ of fusion for 1.92 MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion.
半个多世纪以来，世界各地的研究人员一直致力于实现聚变点火，以此作为各种聚变概念原理验证的依据。根据劳森判据，点火等离子体是指聚变加热功率高到足以克服所有冷却聚变等离子体的物理过程，从而形成温度迅速上升的正热力学反馈回路的等离子体。在惯性约束聚变中，点火是指聚变等离子体能够开始向周围冷燃料进行“燃烧传播”的状态，从而实现高能量增益。虽然尚未实现“科学收支平衡”（即目标增益为1）（此处目标增益为0.72，输入1.92兆焦激光能量产生1.37兆焦聚变能量），但本信函报道了在国家点火装置上首次利用激光间接驱动进行的受控聚变实验，实现了靶丸增益（此处为5.8），并通过九种不同形式的劳森判据达到了点火状态。
