School of Business, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 6;19(23):16369. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192316369.
The continued expansion of agriculture must contend with the dual pressures of changing factor endowment structure and constrained resources and environments. The main purpose of this paper is to provide feasible ideas for high-quality agricultural development in the transition period through the research on the green-biased technical change in Chinese agriculture. This paper selects China's provincial panel data of the agriculture industry from 1997 to 2017, combining the DEA-SBM model and Malmquist-Luenberger index decomposition method to calculate the green-biased technical change (BTC) index; second, the influence mechanism of BTC is empirically investigated by using the panel data regression analysis approach. The results show that: (1) in China's agriculture industry, BTC is the driving force behind long-term and steady improvement of technological advancement. Specifically, input-biased technical change (IBTC) has a substantial enhancing effect on agricultural green total factor productivity (GTFP), whereas output-biased technical change (OBTC) has a certain inhibiting effect. (2) On the whole, the tendency of capital substituting for labor and land is very evident, whereas the biased advantage of desirable output is not particularly prominent. (3) The BTC index in Chinese agriculture varies regionally. The eastern region has the highest IBTC index but the lowest OBTC index. (4) The degree of marketization, urbanization, capital deepening, financial support for agriculture, and other factors have a promoting effect on IBTC, whereas most of them have a restraining effect on OBTC. There is evident regional heterogeneity in the effect of environmental regulation intensity on BTC. The following are the primary contributions of this paper: based on national conditions in China, this paper empirically explores the changes and internal rules of green-biased technical change in China's agriculture industry from various regional viewpoints. It provides an empirical foundation for the regional diversification of agricultural green transformation.
农业的持续扩张必须应对不断变化的要素禀赋结构和资源环境约束的双重压力。本文的主要目的是通过研究中国农业的绿色偏向技术变革，为转型期的高质量农业发展提供可行的思路。本文选取了中国 1997 年至 2017 年农业产业的省级面板数据，结合 DEA-SBM 模型和 Malmquist-Luenberger 指数分解方法，计算了绿色偏向技术变化（BTC）指数；其次，利用面板数据回归分析方法，实证考察了 BTC 的影响机制。结果表明：（1）在中国农业产业中，BTC 是技术进步长期稳定提高的驱动力。具体而言，投入偏向技术变化（IBTC）对农业绿色全要素生产率（GTFP）有实质性的增强作用，而产出偏向技术变化（OBTC）则有一定的抑制作用。（2）总的来说，资本替代劳动和土地的趋势非常明显，而理想产出的偏向优势并不特别突出。（3）中国农业的 BTC 指数存在区域差异。东部地区的 IBTC 指数最高，但 OBTC 指数最低。（4）市场化程度、城市化程度、资本深化、农业金融支持等因素对 IBTC 有促进作用，而对 OBTC 则有抑制作用。环境规制强度对 BTC 的影响存在明显的区域异质性。本文的主要贡献如下：基于中国国情，从不同区域视角实证探讨了中国农业产业绿色偏向技术变化的变化及其内在规律，为农业绿色转型的区域多样化提供了实证基础。
