School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Jiangsu Energy Economy and Management Research Base, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Dec 10;695:133905. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133905. Epub 2019 Aug 12.
Recently, haze pollution is the most serious air problem in China. In the process of haze pollution governance, environmental regulation not only has a direct impact on haze pollution but may also affects haze pollution indirectly through four transmission channels, which are coal consumption, foreign direct investment (FDI), industrial structure and technological innovation. The purpose of this paper is to clarify how environmental regulation affects haze pollution governance through both direct and indirect impacts. Based on the difference Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), this paper explores the direct and indirect impact of environmental regulation on haze pollution governance over the period 2006-2016. The results show that China's current environmental regulation had effectively inhibited the haze pollution and achieved the expected effects. For coal consumption, it significantly aggravated haze pollution, but the ER implemented or not. However, environmental regulation provided a force mechanism to promote transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, thus to reverse the impact direction of industrial structure on haze pollution and mitigated the haze pollution. Moreover, the results indicate that FDI in China turned out to have a "pollution halo" effect and reduced the degree of haze pollution, while technological innovation had the "compliance cost" effect and increased the degree of haze pollution. Additionally, we find that automobile exhaust emissions and economic development were also important reasons for the increase of haze. According to the results, some policy implications were provided for the future haze pollution governance.
近年来，雾霾污染是中国最严重的空气问题。在雾霾污染治理过程中，环境规制不仅直接对雾霾污染产生影响，还可能通过煤炭消费、外商直接投资（FDI）、产业结构和技术创新这四条传递渠道间接影响雾霾污染，本文旨在厘清环境规制通过直接和间接两种效应影响雾霾污染治理的作用机制。本文基于广义矩估计（GMM）方法，考察了 2006-2016 年环境规制对雾霾污染治理的直接和间接影响。结果表明，中国当前的环境规制有效抑制了雾霾污染，实现了预期效果。煤炭消费显著加剧了雾霾污染，但环境规制的实施与否并未改变这一影响。然而，环境规制为产业结构转型升级提供了动力机制，从而扭转了产业结构对雾霾污染的影响方向，减轻了雾霾污染。此外，研究结果表明，中国的外商直接投资呈现出“污染光环”效应，减轻了雾霾污染程度，而技术创新则具有“合规成本”效应，增加了雾霾污染程度。此外，我们发现汽车尾气排放和经济发展也是雾霾污染加剧的重要原因。根据研究结果，本文为未来的雾霾污染治理提供了一些政策启示。
