Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 535, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 535, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab (HEI-LAB), Lusófona University, Portugal.
Biol Psychol. 2023 Jan;176:108475. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108475. Epub 2022 Dec 9.
This systematic review analyzes brain responses at later stages of neuronal processing (P3 at 300-500 ms, and LPP at 300-700 ms). Both P3 and LPP are implicated in attentional threat bias in disorders grouped into fear and distress dimensions of the anxiety spectrum described by the Hierarchical Taxonomy Model of Psychopathology (HiTOP), but there are no consistent findings so far.
Meta-analyses with between- (32 studies, n = 1631) and within-groups design (31 studies, n = 1699) were performed for assessing P3 and LPP modulation in negative, positive, and neutral stimuli, while also considering differences between controls and anxious individuals. Relevant moderators (e.g., age, sex, task) were controlled for and negative stimuli were further decomposed in terms of category (Relevant, Fear/Threat, or Unpleasant).
Increased P3 and LPP amplitudes were found for negative and positive stimuli, when compared to neutral stimuli (within-subjects analysis), confirming that both components are elicited by emotionally arousing information. Within-effects for negative and positive stimuli were higher for the anxious groups. Nonetheless, between-groups analyses showed that attentional threat bias occurs only in anxious groups when negative, personally relevant-threat information is presented. The HiTOP fear dimension moderated the findings.
Potential missed studies; ERPs time windows' heterogeneity; adult sample only; the uneven number of computed effects; categorical analyses.
Attentional bias toward disorder-congruent threatening cues can be a transdiagnostic mechanism of HiTOP fear disorders, clustered within the anxiety spectrum.
本系统综述分析了神经元处理后期的大脑反应（P3 在 300-500ms，LPP 在 300-700ms）。P3 和 LPP 都与恐惧和痛苦维度的焦虑谱系障碍中的注意威胁偏向有关，这些障碍被归类为心理病理学的分层分类模型（HiTOP），但迄今为止尚未得出一致的结论。
采用组间（32 项研究，n=1631）和组内设计（31 项研究，n=1699）进行元分析，评估负性、正性和中性刺激下 P3 和 LPP 的调制，同时考虑控制组和焦虑个体之间的差异。控制相关的调节变量（如年龄、性别、任务），并根据类别（相关、恐惧/威胁或不愉快）进一步分解负性刺激。
与中性刺激相比，负性和正性刺激时 P3 和 LPP 振幅增加（组内分析），证实这两个成分都由情绪唤起的信息引起。焦虑组的负性和正性刺激的内效应更高。然而，组间分析表明，只有在呈现负性、与个人相关的威胁信息时，焦虑组才会出现注意威胁偏向。HiTOP 恐惧维度调节了这些发现。
潜在的漏检研究；ERP 时间窗口的异质性；仅成人样本；计算效应的数量不均；分类分析。
对与疾病一致的威胁线索的注意偏向可能是 HiTOP 恐惧障碍的一种跨诊断机制，这些障碍聚类在焦虑谱系中。
