School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom.
Department of Human Movement Science, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa.
Clin Exp Optom. 2023 Sep;106(7):777-782. doi: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2153583. Epub 2022 Dec 11.
All-out exercise may not impair all central nervous system processes, such as those related to visual-motor abilities, and may actually prove stimulatory to such tasks allowing athletes and sports conditioning specialists to develop strategies to take advantage of/mitigate the effects of such exercise on athletic performance.
Despite research indicating that visual-motor abilities play a critical role in athletic performance, research has primarily focused on the effect of all-out exercise on processes along the motor pathway, such as resultant force production or simple cognitive tasks. Such research has neglected to investigate the effect of all-out exercise on visual tasks. When investigations on visual tasks are forthcoming, they focus on prolonged aerobic exercise, which is not the primary metabolic pathway for all, or even the majority of sports.
Sixty untrained males (experimental group; = 30, control group; = 30) completed a standardised six-item baseline sports vision test battery and one week later, the experimental participants returned to undertake a 30-second Wingate anaerobic test (30-WAnT) immediately followed by the same test battery.
Significant ( < 0.05) improvements were found in accommodation facility, saccadic eye movement, speed of recognition, peripheral awareness and hand-eye coordination ( < 0.001 for all), but not visual memory ( = 0.242) following the 30-WAnT.
Although the mechanisms underlying these improvements in visual task performance have not yet been studied, this study suggests that simple anaerobic all-out exercise does not cause central- or brain-based fatigue impairing the oculomotor system but may rather provide "excitability" of the underlying motor cortex, motoneurons and/or corticofugal connections utilised in visual task response. It appears that the sweeping improvements in visual task performance elucidate the need for an intense anaerobic warm-up when training visual skills and when visual skills form an integral part of athletic performance.
全力运动可能不会损害所有中枢神经系统过程，例如与视觉运动能力相关的过程，实际上可能会刺激此类任务，使运动员和运动训练专家能够制定策略，利用/减轻此类运动对运动表现的影响。
尽管有研究表明视觉运动能力对运动表现起着至关重要的作用，但研究主要集中在全力运动对运动通路中过程的影响，例如产生的力或简单的认知任务。此类研究忽略了对视觉任务的影响的研究。当进行视觉任务的调查时，它们集中在长时间的有氧运动上，而有氧运动不是所有人甚至大多数运动的主要代谢途径。
60 名未经训练的男性（实验组；n=30，对照组；n=30）完成了标准化的六项基线运动视觉测试电池，一周后，实验组参与者返回进行 30 秒的瓦格纳无氧测试（30-WAnT），然后立即进行相同的测试电池。
在调节能力、眼跳运动、识别速度、周边意识和手眼协调方面发现了显著的改善（均 < 0.05），但视觉记忆没有改善（ = 0.242）。
尽管这些视觉任务表现改善的机制尚未研究，但本研究表明，简单的无氧全力运动不会导致中枢或大脑疲劳，从而损害眼动系统，但可能会提供视觉任务反应中底层运动皮层、运动神经元和/或皮质传出连接的“兴奋性”。似乎视觉任务表现的全面改善说明了在训练视觉技能时需要进行强烈的无氧热身，并且当视觉技能成为运动表现的一个组成部分时也是如此。
